Hericium, also known as Lion's Mane mushroom, is a highly valued edible fungus prized for its delicate flavor and unique texture. In recent years, with the increasing area of artificial cultivation, the production of Hericium erinaceus has seen a steady rise. This article aims to provide an in-depth guide on the cultivation techniques of this remarkable mushroom.
1. **Material Selection and Preparation**
To ensure high-quality growth, fresh and clean sawdust or cottonseed hulls are typically used as the primary substrates. If the materials are not fresh, they should be sun-dried for 2–3 days before use. For large-scale operations, it's best to prepare all materials at once and store them in a dry, well-ventilated area. A common recipe includes 65% sawdust (with appropriate amounts of different types), 30% rice bran, and 5% garden soil. Additional nutrients such as 1% sugar, 0.2% urea, 0.3% ammonium nitrate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 2% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added. Water is then mixed in a ratio of 1:1.2 to 1.3, and 0.01% potassium permanganate is added to disinfect the mixture. The moisture content should reach around 60%, and the pH should be adjusted to 5.5–6. If cottonseed hulls are used instead, a mix of 90% cottonseed hulls, 3% farmland soil, 5% wheat bran, 1% ginseng, and 1% sucrose can be used, with a water-to-material ratio of 1:1.4. The ingredients should be thoroughly mixed, and the moisture level should allow for a slight drip when squeezed between fingers. Avoid overwatering to prevent nutrient loss and hinder mycelium development. Adding potato juice or bean cake water can further enhance yield.
2. **Bagging and Sealing**
Polypropylene bags are cut into 50–60 cm wide and 26 cm long pieces. After folding, they are heat-sealed into long tubes and filled with the prepared substrate. The bags must be tightly sealed to prevent contamination. Once filled, the bags are tied securely to maintain a slightly flattened shape, which makes handling easier during cultivation.
3. **Sterilization and Inoculation**
The filled bags are sterilized in an autoclave at 100°C for 6–8 hours. After cooling to around 20°C, the bags are inoculated in a sterile environment using healthy, uncontaminated strains. The inoculation process must be quick and precise to avoid bacterial contamination. Each bag is inoculated with approximately 25–50g of culture, and the bag mouth is sealed with a cotton plug to allow for proper gas exchange while preventing contamination.
4. **Cultivation and Management**
Once inoculated, the bags are placed in a controlled environment with a temperature maintained between 25–30°C. Mycelium growth typically takes 30–35 days. When fruiting bodies begin to form, the temperature should be lowered to 18–28°C, ideally 20–23°C, for optimal bud development. At this stage, small holes are made in the plastic film, or the bag is opened slightly to improve air circulation. Ventilation is crucial—open windows twice daily for about 15–20 minutes each time. Humidity should be kept high, around 90–95%, to support fruit body growth. Too low humidity leads to poor development, while excessive humidity may cause deformation. Light is also important—scattered light is ideal, as complete darkness hinders fruiting body formation. Regular misting helps maintain moisture and increases yield.
5. **Harvesting**
The mushrooms are ready for harvest when the fruit bodies are fully developed, covered in fine white hairs, and have a length of about 1 cm. Carefully press the bag with one hand while gently twisting the fruit body downward with the other. Be sure to leave the stem short to avoid spoilage and reduce the risk of pests and bacteria.
Hericium erinaceus thrives best in cool, humid conditions, making autumn the ideal season for cultivation. However, with proper environmental control, successful cultivation can be achieved year-round. By following these techniques, growers can enjoy a bountiful and high-quality harvest of this nutritious and flavorful mushroom.
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