Non-pollution Pest Control Features
Strawberries are perennial herb crops and have high economic value. China has a vast territory, and the climatic conditions are complex and changeable. The types of pests and the extent of damage caused by pests and diseases are also quite different. How to timely control is the key to seizing the high yield and stable yield of strawberries.
Pollution-free production of pests and diseases, prevention must be implemented, agriculture, biology, physics, chemistry and other comprehensive prevention and control measures. Comprehensive prevention and control is based on the long-term use of organic pesticides in a large number of pests and insecticide resistance, so that some secondary pests occur, the environment was contaminated and other situations. The purpose is to coordinate the application of pesticides with biological control, and to resolve the contradiction between drug control and biological control, and use all appropriate technologies to comprehensively treat pests.
Comprehensive prevention and control is based on ecological considerations. It controls pest populations to low levels, maintains low-level pest populations, uses pests to protect natural enemies, and uses natural enemies to treat pests, and uses a variety of methods for prevention and control.
The overall development of pest-based populations and plant-centred ecosystems is based on prevention. Based on the principle of safety, efficiency, economy, and simplicity, organically coordinated control measures are used to control the occurrence of pests and diseases in the economy. Below the level, to achieve high yield, high quality, low cost and pollution-free purposes.
Strawberry plants are short and their stem and leaf fruits are close to the ground, which provides good ecological conditions for the infection of many kinds of pests, especially in the conditions of high temperature and humidity in facilities cultivation, and it is also suitable for the breeding of pathogens. In order to ensure the normal growth of strawberries and achieve high-quality, high-yield production, special emphasis should be placed on adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control.
(a) selection of disease-resistant varieties
Different varieties have different types of disease resistance and disease resistance. For example, in areas with severe powdery mildew, Baozao Zaosheng, Induka, and new stars, etc., which have strong resistance to powdery mildew, can be used; Xinxing and Induga anti-snake eye diseases can be selected; Baozao Zaoxian and four-year-old strawberries are more resistant to yellowing. Wisdom; Baozaoshengsheng, Yinduka, Xinxingxing, Goreila are more resistant to the root rot of Hongzhong; Newstars, Fengxiang, Chunxiang are more resistant to wilt; Newstars, Mingbao, Spike are resistant to gray mold . Therefore, it is necessary to select varieties that are resistant to certain diseases or a few diseases according to the conditions in different regions during cultivation.
(B) Cultivation of robust virus-free seedlings
Strawberry pests and diseases can easily start from the seedling stage. Generally, robust seedlings have strong disease resistance. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate healthy and virus-free seedlings. In accordance with the seedling standards required for various cultivation types, robust seedlings that meet the requirements should be cultivated.
(c) reduce the spread of pests and diseases
Virus disease, red spider, nematode, rootworm, etc. can spread with seedlings. Therefore, strict quarantine must be applied to strawberry seedlings. Seedlings with quarantine objects are not allowed to be transferred or imported. Dissemination of good seedlings is a very important pest control measure. Strict disinfection of seedlings and soil is one of the important measures to eliminate pests on the spot. Before and after seedling ramets were disinfected with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 25% carbendazim from 1 000 to 2000 times; the soil was solar sterilized. Cultivation of virus-free seedlings is an important measure to prevent seedlings from spreading diseases and insect pests.
(d) Strengthen cultivation management
Strengthening the management of strawberry cultivation can effectively suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases. Before planting, apply base fertilizer to promote robust growth of strawberries; use high-ridge planting, cultivation should not be too dense, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions; properly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and excessive irrigation to prevent plant growth; carry out mulching and avoid contact with soil. Prevent pollution of fruits and rotten fruit; prevent high temperature and humidity, and create a good reproductive environment; avoid continuous replanting when planting, improve plant disease resistance; remove diseased leaves and old leaves in time, remove weeds in the garden, keep the park clean, eliminate pathogens Source of infestation.
(V) Adopt biological control and physical control
The use of natural enemies, insect pathogens, agricultural antibiotics, insect sex hormones and some physical methods to control the pests and diseases of strawberries have fewer side effects and no pollution.
1. The use of pest natural enemies to control pests must first protect natural natural enemies, reduce the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, or use them without affecting the activities of natural enemies; secondly, they can artificially release natural enemies, such as in facility cultivation, can be released in a timely manner. Seven-spotted cocoon ladybugs, adults, control aphids and other pests.
2. Application of insect sex hormones in the strawberry garden set a certain number of sex hormone traps, trap a large number of adults, reduce the probability of natural mating of male and female adults, or interfere with pest mating opportunities, so that the number of pests in the strawberry garden to reduce the effect of control.
3. According to the tendency of certain insect pests, group trapping can use light, color trapping pests or insect repellents such as the use of butter plates to trap aphids and whitefly.
(6) Appropriate application of chemical pesticides for reasonable control
The pollution-free cultivation of strawberries is not a failure to use chemical pesticides, but must comply with the national standards for the production of pesticides for pollution-free food production. The chemical control of pests and diseases should be based on forecasting and forecasting, grasping the degree, scope, and development schedule of pests and diseases and taking timely measures. The use of pesticides at the seedling stage and early use of pesticides will increase the lethality of pesticides to diseases and insect pests and increase the effectiveness of prevention and control. Special treatment will be adopted to reduce general treatment. Bio-sourced pesticides, mineral pesticides, and some high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, such as agricultural antibiotics 120, polyoxin, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, avermectin, Bordeaux mixture, Dasheng M-45, multi-effects Ling, Ketuo, chlorfluazuron 3, moth alfalfa, anti-influence, etc. Some organic chemical pesticides that are allowed to be used must be used in limited quantities. Each pesticide should be used no more than once a year, and the safety standards for pesticides must be strictly enforced. It is forbidden to use pesticides that have been banned by the country. Medication time to avoid strawberry florescence and fruit maturity.
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