Miscellaneous bacteria and their control methods
The ghost umbrella is commonly known as wild mushroom. Its morphological characteristics are: the cap of the mushroom is firstly warhead or oval, white, gray or white, and the surface is mostly scales, and the handle is slender and hollow. The old ripened caps were unfolded, and the pleats gradually turned black from white to white, and they eventually dissolved into ink with the cap.
The prevention and control methods pile up the culture materials, increase the temperature of the heap, reduce the ammonia content, and prevent the growth of the culture material from excessive moisture and moisture, so as to suppress the occurrence and growth of comatus. Mushrooms on the bed after the ghost should be removed in time; if a large number of ghost umbrella, available 2% -5% of formaldehyde solution for prevention and treatment.
Dirty plastic bacterium, also known as plastic gyro, marsupial mushroom, fecal bowl, morphological characteristics: bacteria grouped or clustered, short handle, gyro is shallow cup after stretching, diameter 1-4.5 cm, height 1-2.5 cm, external black Brown, with clusters of fluff, wrinkled and poisonous when dry.
The prevention and control methods should be properly ventilated to reduce the humidity; remove the bacteria from the plastic drum bacterium in time and bury it deeply; when it occurs locally, spray with 2%-5% formaldehyde solution to prevent and cure.
Insect pests and their prevention methods
The white adult worms of the hopper larvae are grayish blue, small in size, soft and wingless, and rarely exceed 5 mm in length. The main bite fruit body, generally invasive from the wound or the pleated part.
Control methods When the insect is found on the surface of the mushroom, it can be sprayed with 40% trichlorfon EC 250 times or 70% omethoate EC 500 times, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times plus a small amount of honey. After the fruiting of the bed surface, it can be sprayed with 1.1% of the compound matrine phytochemical 500 times, and 80% of the dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey.
Mushroom fly adult body length 6-9 mm, dark gray. The larvae are 8-12 mm long, white, with a pointed head and a blunt tail. It is long, elliptical, 6-8 mm long, reddish-brown to dark brown.
Prevention and control methods The mushroom house installs screens to prevent mushroom fly from entering; when the adults are found in mushroom house, 0.5 parts of white spirit, 2 parts of water, 3 parts of brown sugar, and 3.5 parts of vinegar can be used, and a small amount of trichlorfon or dichlorvos is added and placed in a pot. Trap.
Mushroom mosquitoes are generally 4.5-6.0 mm in length, larvae are 10-13 mm long and have a long tube. Adults have phototaxis and fly ability.
Prevention and control methods Mushrooms were found before mushrooming, fumigation with dichlorvos; after mushrooming, the ramie leaves were smashed and squeezed out, mixed with 10 parts of water to 1 part of juice, boiled and cooled, and sprayed on mushroom house. Face.
Diseases and their prevention methods
Brown spot disease is also called dry bulb disease, verticillitis, etc. Mushrooms from the disease to the appearance of brown spots. Take about 2 weeks. Initially, irregular spots of brown needles on the head of the mushroom were produced. After that, the spots gradually expanded and produced depressions, and the depressions appeared gray.
Control methods Spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
After the soft rot diseased fruit body is infected, it gradually turns brown until it rots.
Control methods to reduce the bed surface water spray, enhance ventilation, reduce air humidity, lime powder to the affected area; spray 50% carbendazim WP 800 times.
Comprehensive prevention
The sterilizing culture materials of the culture materials should be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 200 times or 40% omethoate EC 400 times on the surface of the batch one day before entering the shed, and then sealed for 24 hours to kill fleas and other species. Pests.
Mushroom disinfection
Disinfection of the vacant room uses 15 grams of sulphur per cubic meter, 2 ml of formaldehyde, and 8 ml of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, mixed in sawdust, packed in paper bags, placed in the corners and central of the mushroom house, closed doors and windows, and lit and smoked. 24 hours. Or per 100 square meters of bed with 2 kg of formaldehyde, 1 kg of dichlorvos fumigation for 24 hours, and then open the window for ventilation. If it is a heavy mushroom house, remove the dismantled bed in time and remove it completely, and move it to the outside for thorough cleaning and exposure. If it cannot be removed, uncover the plastic film for several days, and use 10% of the wall. -20% lime spray paint. Close the mushroom house before use and fumigate it according to the above method.
The disinfection of the real house is heated and fumigated with 1 kg of formaldehyde per 100 m2 of the bed, closed for 24 hours, and then the ventilation openings are opened.
Chinese Herbal Medicine (English name: Chinese herbal medicine): Chinese medicine is mainly composed of botanical medicine (root, stem, leaf, fruit), animal medicine (viscera, skin, bone, organs, etc.) and mineral medicine. Because botanical medicine accounts for the majority of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is also called Chinese herbal medicine.
There are about 5,000 kinds of Chinese medicines used in various parts of China, and there are countless prescriptions made by combining various medicinal materials. After thousands of years of research, an independent science, Materia Medica, has been formed. Various medical schools in China have set up the course of natural medicine, which is called the Chinese herbal medicine.
The concept of plant extracts can be accepted and recognized by various countries, and it is also a common expression used to spread herbal medicines in various countries. The export value of plant extracts in China exceeded the export value of Chinese patent medicines as early as 1999. In European and American countries, plant extracts and their products (plant medicines or food supplements) have a broad market prospect, and have developed into an emerging industry with annual sales of nearly 8 billion US dollars.
The plant extracts in China are generally intermediate products, which are widely used, mainly used as raw materials or auxiliary materials for medicines, health foods, tobacco, cosmetics, etc. There are also many kinds of raw material plants used for extraction, and there are more than 300 plant varieties that are extracted industrially.
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