I. Warming measures
1. Warming and warming using horse dung, cow dung, rice bran, leaves, straw, wheat straw and other brewing materials, adding the right amount of water to accelerate the growth of microorganisms, so that the brewer heat production heat, increase the temperature. The thickness of the brewing material is generally 20 to 80 cm, and the water content is preferably about 70%.
2. Heating and heating of plumbing is one of the most ideal methods for warming plastic greenhouses. The heating of the plumbing is mostly heated by the boiler, and the hot water is sent from the body. As it cycles, the temperature of the shed is increased. The greatest advantage is that the temperature is stable, the distribution is even, and the production is safe.
3. Steam warming steam heating is the use of boiler steam, through the pipeline into the greenhouse, this heating method uses large equipment, small greenhouses should not be used. Since steam is less frictional than water, it is possible to use slender piping, which generates twice as much heat as plumbing.
4. The warm air plus warm air heating and direct heating of the greenhouse with hot air are currently more advanced heating methods. General heaters are small and simple, and they are relatively cheap. Large greenhouses require special boiler heating air, which is then sent into the room through a heater. Warm air heating is due to the use of warm air circulation. There are fewer greenhouse diseases, and there is no pipeline, which is conducive to the operation of greenhouses.
The common methods for increasing the temperature are more often heated by stoves, heated by open flames, warmed by braziers, and heated by electric heaters. These are not repeated here. Traditional plumbing and air-warming heating, using coal-fired boiler heating, can easily cause air pollution, and the temperature is not easy to control and the reaction is slow. In recent years, more advanced solar energy storage systems have emerged, as well as heating systems for oil-fired air heaters. These methods consume less energy and do not pollute the environment. The disadvantages are the large investment.
5. Agricultural measures can increase the temperature of vegetables by adopting the following measures: elevated vegetables can be planted in wide and narrow rows, and appropriate and sparsely planted; plant adjustments can be carried out in time, whole plants can be removed, old leaves removed, etc., and can be lifted with transparent ropes. Pull vegetable stalks, etc.; Ridge sorghum film, can increase the temperature 2 ~ 3 °C; strict control of watering, the use of under-membrane submerged irrigation technology, timely soil after watering; apply more organic fertilizer.
Second, lightening measures
By increasing the lighting time and light intensity, the greenhouse temperature also increases. The commonly used light enhancement measures are the following:
1. Increase the angle of the greenhouse. When the greenhouse is built, the angle of the greenhouse should be increased to increase the light transmittance and increase the light intensity. The base angle of the winter-use greenhouse is more than 30 degrees, and the angle of day is more than 20 degrees; the angle of the spring-type base is more than 20 degrees, and the angle of the daytime is 14 to 15 degrees.
2. Keep the transparency of the film 1 Keep the film flat. 2 Remove dust, snow, etc. on the membrane surface in time to keep the membrane surface clean. 3 Ordinary film to eliminate water droplets in a timely manner, commonly used methods: First, beat the film surface, so that water droplets fall; Second, regularly sprayed to the film in addition to drops or anti-fogging agent, ordinary film sprayed SN waterproof drops, the film Water droplets are not easily formed, and the light transmittance can be increased by about 35%. 4 No drip film is used, no drip film has less water droplets, good light transmission, and rapid temperature rise.
3. The use of reflective light 1 to cover the reflective film on the ground can not only increase the illumination of the lower part of the vegetables, but also keep the ground temperature and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and reduce the air humidity in the shed. 2 Hang a reflective film on the back wall to increase the northern light intensity. 3 Paint the inner wall surface and column surface white.
4. It is timely to expose the cover of grass, weeds and grasses, so as to keep the temperature at 25 to 32°C during the day and 12 to 15°C at night. As long as it does not rain, even during cloudy days, we must remove all grass weeds. , increase lighting as much as possible. However, when the weather is too long, the grasshoppers cannot be fully exposed, but they must be uncovered to avoid excessive evaporation and wilting of vegetables due to strong light.
5. The artificial light supplements the cloudy days and the winter illumination time is short, use the electric light and the fluorescent lamp artificially to fill the light, the electric light and the fluorescent lamp collocation installs, generally likes to arrange 1ç›360 watts of lamps for every 10 square meters to be good, the light should 50 cm from vegetables and sheds to avoid damage to vegetables and membranes. Filling time: In general, it takes 2 to 3 hours for sunny days before and after the exposing period. The duration of supplemental light should be extended as long as the cloudy days are used, so that the natural light and artificial light supplement time can be maintained at about 12 hours.
6. The use of biogas to increase the temperature is mainly achieved by igniting the biogas lamp and stove, and the burning time is 5:30 to 8:30. In the shed, one biogas lamp is installed for every 50 square meters, and one biogas stove is installed for every 100 square meters. Matters needing attention: igniting biogas lamps and stoves should be performed at low temperatures (below 30°C) in the early hours; can not stack fermented raw materials in sheds; when 1000 cubic meters of solar greenhouses burns 1.5 cubic meters of biogas, biogas needs to be After desulphurization, burn to prevent harmful gases from harming crops.
In addition to taking the above lighting enhancement measures, it is also necessary to inspect the shed film frequently. If it is found that the shed film is damaged, it must be immediately repaired with a shed adhesive to prevent air leakage.
Third, insulation measures
1. After the shed, a wind screen is built on the north side of the greenhouse along the east-west direction of the shed. Reed stalks and corn stalks are used to build a wind barrier with a certain slope. Reflective effect, but also thicken the back wall and play a role in insulation.
2. Add a cold ditch around the greenhouse to keep the depth of the ditch deep and wide at 50 to 60 cm. Fill in wheat bran, sawdust, fireweed, straw, coal cinder, etc., and cover it with plastic film or plastic film, then cover the soil. This can effectively stop The temperature in the shed was lost.
3. Add “apron†Add a 1.5 to 2 meter high film around the inside of the shed, or surround it with a straw to increase the temperature inside the shed.
4. Use multi-layer covering to pull iron wire under the shed, and put a film on the wire. When the temperature drops at night, the film will flatten out and cover the ceiling. Or outside the greenhouse covered with plastic film, plastic film, straw and other insulation.
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