Fertilizer is the basis of high yield, scientific and rational selection of fertilizer, fertilizer is the key to high yield. To make scientific selection of fertilizers for fertilizers in corn production, you must understand and master the following knowledge:
Fertilizer demand for corn growth
From sowing to harvesting, corn is divided into different growth stages, requiring less seedlings at seedling stage, accounting for about 10% of the total fertilizer requirement, and requiring the largest amount of fertilizer at the booting stage, and accounting for about 50% of the total fertilizer requirement; The total amount of fertilizer required at the end of the year is about 40% of the total fertilizer. This rule requires adequate supply of fertilizer in the middle and late stages of corn growth. The demand for fertilizer for production is: Generally, for every 50 kg of grain produced, 1.72 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.62 kg of phosphorus, and 1.63 kg of potassium need to be absorbed. If the hectare output target is 10,000 kg, then it needs to absorb 344 kg of pure nitrogen, absorb 134 kg of pure phosphorus, and absorb 326 kg of pure potassium. This law provides an important reference for the scientific determination of the total amount of fertilizer, and it is an important basis for our purchase of chemical fertilizers.
Fertilizer type
The fertilizers on the market today are varied and can be roughly classified into the following categories according to their effective ingredients and uses:
1, organic fertilizer (such as biological bacteria)
The active ingredients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The advantage of this fertilizer is the use of land, long-term use can improve the soil, fertilizer effect is long, will play a role in the entire growth period of corn, improve the utilization of other fertilizers, but also has a certain role in promoting early maturity.
2. Fertilizer (single-element fertilizer and compound fertilizer)
Single fertilizer and urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium sulfate, potassium fertilizer. Compound fertilizers include nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizers such as diammonium, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers containing trace fertilizers. Fertilizers are characterized by the fact that most of them are fast-acting fertilizers and have a short duration of effect. When purchasing and using compound fertilizers, it is important to ascertain the content of active ingredients and the length of time they are effective.
3, fertilizer
Fertilizers containing trace elements, such as rare earth micro-fertilizers, zinc fertilizers, boron fertilizers, etc., have a small amount but a large effect, and can prevent the deficiency of corn.
How to use fertilizer
Traditional fertilization methods include basal fertilizer, oral fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer. However, in the current practice of corn production, some farmers have used one-time fertilization to reduce production costs and reduce labor intensity and labor. The one-time fertilization method has many disadvantages. Firstly, the depth of one fertilization is easily overlooked and the base fertilizer and mouth fat are not separated. Second, it is easy to “burn†and “burn the seedlings.†Third, the fertilizer effect is not normal and easy to drain; the fourth is easy to cause late "De-fertilization." Some farmers do not only apply fertilizers and top dressings, causing insufficient fertilizer problems and affecting production. Simply from the perspective of high yield or traditional fertilization methods will increase production. If you must use a one-time fertilization must pay attention to the following points:
1, the depth of 90% of the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the tillage 15 cm below the depth is not only easy to "burn", "burning seedlings", but also easy to drain.
2. One-time, one-time fertilization requires 10% more fertilization than traditional fertilization methods to avoid loss of total fertiliser due to fertilizer loss and post-fertilization.
3, all the ingredients because it is a one-time fertilization, so the fertilization of the species, the ingredients must be comprehensive, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to do everything.
4. The long-term fertilizer should be used in the multi-selected area for a long period of validity, and the effective period of time should be long enough to avoid defertilization during the mature period.
5, mouth fat one-time fertilization also have 10% of the amount of fertilizer to do mouth with the plant species, to ensure the amount of fertilizer required seedling period, mouth fertilizer should use fast-acting fertilizer.
6, one-time fertilization is best to have a farm or organic fertilizer as a basis, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, so as to achieve good results.
Fertilizer dosage
The total amount of fertilizer to be used depends on the soil quality and production target. If you can do soil testing and formula fertilization, it is the most scientific. If you can't do soil testing and formula fertilization, you can only rely on experience. Generally use farmland fertility land for several consecutive years, apply 75-150 kg of diammonium plus 225-300 kg of urea, 75 kg of potash fertilizer and appropriate amount of medium-micronutrient fertilizer per hectare, or apply NPK of 45% of active ingredient per hectare. Mixed fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O is 15-15-15) 400-450 kg plus urea 120-150 kg.
In short, in the maize production, the selection of fertilizer varieties and fertilization methods are very important. Only when the nutrients of fertilizers are balanced and the methods of use are appropriate, can the purpose of high yield and good harvest be achieved.
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