(A) The growth stage In the life of corn, according to morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics and physiological characteristics, it can be divided into three different stages of birth. Each stage includes different stages of growth. These different stages and periods have their own characteristics and are closely related.
1. Seedling stage
Maize seedling stage refers to the period from sowing to jointing. It is a vegetative growth stage with rooting and differentiation of stems and leaves. The characteristics of fertility at this stage are: roots grow faster, but the growth of stems and leaves in the shoots is relatively slow. To this end, the central task of field management is to promote the development of the root system and nurture strong seedlings to meet the requirements of “four seedlings†that are seedling early, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings, and lay a solid foundation for high yields of corn. This stage is divided into two stages of sowing and jointing.
a. Sowing - three-leaf stage
A living seed is buried in the soil. When the outside temperature is above 8 degrees, the moisture content is around 60%, and the ventilation conditions are more appropriate, it usually takes 4 to 6 days to emerge. By the end of the three-leaf period, the storage of nutrients in the seeds will be depleted, known as “milk-out period,†which is the first stage of corn seedlings. Soil moisture at this stage is the main factor affecting seedling emergence, so pouring sole water plays a decisive role in corn yield. In addition, the seed size and seeding depth are also closely related to the seedling's robustness. The seeds are large, the storage nutrition is more, and the seedlings are more robust; the seeding depth directly affects the speed of emergence, and seedlings that emerge early are generally later than the seedlings. To be strong, according to the experiment, every 2.5 cm increase in sowing depth will delay the seedling period by an average of one day, so the seedlings will be weak.
b. Three-leaf stage - jointing
The three-leaf period is the first turning point in corn's life. Corn turns from self-supporting to heterotrophic life. From the three-leaf stage to the jointing stage, due to the underdeveloped plant roots and leaves, the nutrients absorbed and manufactured are limited, and the seedlings grow slowly, mainly for the growth of roots and leaves and the differentiation of stem sections.
Maize seedlings are not afraid of drought, droughts affect the growth, but cause dead seedlings, mild drought, is conducive to the development of the root system and the next bar.
2. Heading stage
A certain period of time from the jointing to tasseling of corn is called the ear period. Jointing is the second turning point in corn life. The growth and development characteristics of this stage are: vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time, that is, the vigorous growth of vegetative organs such as leaves and stem sections and the strong differentiation and formation of reproductive organs such as male and female ear. This period is the most vigorous stage of growth and development in corn, and it is also the most critical period of field management. For this reason, the central task of field management at this stage is to promote the enlargement of the middle and upper leaves, and the prosperous growth of the stems, in order to achieve the purpose of multiple spikes and spikes.
3. Flowering stage
This period of time from tasseling to maturity is known as flowering. When the corn is drawn and loose powder, all the leaves have been expanded and the plants have been fixed. The fertility characteristic of this stage is that it basically stopped the growth of the vegetative body, and entered the stage centered on reproductive growth, and there was a third turning point in the life of corn. For this reason, the central task of field management at this stage is to protect the leaves from damage and premature aging, and to strive for more grain and weight to achieve high yields.
(B) Growth period and growth period
1. The number of days from the sowing to maturity of a growing period of maize is called the growth period. The length of growth period is related to variety, sowing date and temperature. In the case of early maturing varieties, late sowing and high temperatures, the growth period is short, and vice versa.
2. During the lifetime of corn, due to the results of self-quantification and qualitative change and the impact of environmental changes, different phases of changes have taken place regardless of the external morphological characteristics or internal physiological characteristics. These phase changes are called the growth period, and each growth period And the identification criteria are as follows.
(1) Emergence: The date when the seedlings excavated was about 2 cm high.
(2) Three-leaf stage: The third leaf of the plant reveals 2-3cm of leaf heart.
(3) Jointing stage: The plant tassels were elongated, the total stem length was 2-3cm, and the leaf age index was about 30.
(4) Small bell-mouth period: The ear enters the elongation stage, and the tassel enters the florets differentiation period, and the leaf age index is about 46.
(5) Big bell-mouth period: the female ear enters the florets differentiation period, the tassel enters the four-body stage, the leaf age index is about 60, the length of the middle and upper spikelets of the tassel is about 0.8cm, and the rod three-leaf throws off the bell mouth shape.
(6) Tasselling period: The tips of the tassels of the plants exposed 3-5cm of the parietal lobe.
(7) Flowering period: Plants and tassels begin to loosen.
(8) Silking period: The filaments of the plant's head extend 2cm from the lobe.
(9) Grain formation period: The grain volume in the middle of the ear of the plant is basically established, and the endosperm is in a clear slurry state, also known as the filling period.
(10) Milk ripening period: The dry weight of the grains in the middle of the plant's ears increased rapidly and was basically completed. The endosperm was milky to pastey.
(11) Wax ripening period: The dry weight of the grains in the middle of the ear of the plant is close to the maximum, and the endosperm is waxy.
(12) Ripening period: The grains of the plants are hard, the black layer at the base of the grains appears, the milk line disappears, and the inherent color and luster of the variety appear.
Generally, Datian or experimental plots are marked by more than 50% of the plants in this field.
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