First, the choice of power Ultrasonic cleaning effect is not necessarily proportional to (power × cleaning time), ultrasonic cleaning machine sometimes uses low power, it takes a long time and does not remove dirt. And if the power reaches a certain value, the dirt is sometimes removed quickly. If the power is too large, the cavitation intensity will be greatly increased, and the cleaning effect will be improved. However, the more precise parts will also have an etch point, which is not worth the loss, and the cavitation at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder is severe, and the water point corrosion is also increased. Large, when using organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, there is basically no problem, but when using water or water-soluble cleaning solution, it is easy to be affected by water spots. If the surface of the vibrating plate has been scratched, cavitation corrosion occurs under the high power. Severe, so choose the ultrasound power according to the actual use.
Second, the choice of frequency Ultrasonic cleaning frequency from ten kHz to 100kHz, the use of water or water cleaning agent caused by the role of cavitation caused by the physical cleaning power is obviously beneficial to the low frequency, generally used around 15-40kHz. For parts with small gaps, slits and deep holes, it is better to use high frequency (generally 40 kHz or more), even several hundred kHz. When cleaning the watch parts, use 400 kHz. If you use broadband FM cleaning, the effect is better.
Third, the use of the cleaning basket In the cleaning of small parts, often use the basket, because the mesh to cause ultrasonic attenuation, to pay special attention. It is better to use a mesh of 10 mm or more when the frequency is 28 khz.
Fourth, the choice of cleaning solution temperature The most suitable cleaning temperature of the water cleaning solution is 40-60 ° C, especially in the case of cold weather, if the cleaning solution temperature is low, the cavitation effect is poor, and the cleaning effect is also poor. Therefore, some washing machines are wound around the heating cylinder to heat the heating wire for temperature control. When the temperature rises, cavitation is easy to occur, so the cleaning effect is good. When the temperature continues to rise, the gas pressure in the vacuole increases, causing the impact sound pressure to drop, reflecting the multiplication of these two factors.
5. How much the amount of cleaning liquid and the position of the cleaning parts are determined Generally, the liquid level of the cleaning liquid is preferably more than 100 mm above the surface of the vibrating surface. Since the single-frequency cleaning machine is affected by the standing wave field, the amplitude at the node is small, and the amplitude at the amplitude is large, resulting in uneven cleaning. Therefore, the best choice for cleaning items should be placed at the volatility.
Sixth, ultrasonic cleaning process and cleaning fluid selection Before purchasing the cleaning system, the following application analysis should be carried out on the cleaned parts: clarify the material composition, structure and quantity of the washed parts, analyze and clarify the dirt to be removed, these are the decisions What kind of cleaning method is used to determine the preconditions for applying the aqueous cleaning solution or the solvent. The final cleaning process also requires a cleaning experiment to verify. Only in this way can a proper cleaning system, a well-designed cleaning process and a cleaning solution be provided. Considering the influence of the physical properties of the cleaning solution on ultrasonic cleaning, the vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity and density should be the most significant factors. Temperature can affect these factors, so it also affects the efficiency of cavitation. Any cleaning system must use a cleaning fluid.
When choosing a cleaning solution, there are three factors to consider:
1. Cleaning efficiency: When choosing the most effective cleaning solvent, be sure to experiment. If ultrasound is introduced into an existing cleaning process, the solvent used generally does not have to be changed;
2. Simple operation: the liquid used should be safe and non-toxic, easy to operate and long in service life;
3. Cost: The cost of using the cheapest cleaning solvent is not necessarily the lowest. The cleaning efficiency and safety of the solvent, the amount of solvent that can be cleaned, and the highest utilization rate of the workpiece must be taken into consideration. Of course, the cleaning solvent chosen must achieve a cleaning effect and should be compatible with the material being cleaned. Water is the most common cleaning solution, so the system using water-based solution is easy to operate, low in cost, and widely used. However, for certain materials, as well as dirt and the like, which are not suitable for aqueous solutions, there are many solvents to choose from.
Seven, different cleaning fluid, the cleaning system to be distinguished Water-based system: usually consists of an open groove, the workpiece is submerged. A complex system consists of multiple tanks with a circulation filtration system, a shower tank, a drying tank, and other accessories.
Solvent system: mostly ultrasonic vapor phase degreasing machine, often equipped with continuous waste recovery device. The ultrasonic vapor phase cleaning process is accomplished by an integrated multi-slot system consisting of a solvent evaporation tank and an ultrasonic immersion tank. Oil, grease, wax, and other solvent-soluble soils are removed by the action of hot solvent vapor and ultrasonic agitation. After a series of cleaning processes, the workpieces that are unloaded are heated, cleaned, and dried.
8. Cleaning parts processing Another consideration for ultrasonic cleaning is the design of the upper and lower materials of the cleaning parts or the tooling in which the cleaning parts are placed. When the cleaning parts are in the ultrasonic cleaning tank, the cleaning parts and the cleaning basket must not touch the bottom of the tank. The total cross-sectional area of ​​the cleaning member should not exceed 70% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the ultrasonic bath. Rubber and non-rigid plastics absorb ultrasonic energy, so care should be taken when using such materials for tooling. Insulating cleaning parts should also be given special attention. The tool basket is not designed properly, or the workpiece is too heavy, even though the efficiency of the best ultrasonic cleaning system is greatly reduced. Hooks, shelves and beakers can be used to support the cleaning parts.
Nine, the cleaning time, the type of the workpiece, the number of clear considerations The use of the machine working mode is fully automatic, semi-automatic, manual. Machine size and cost.
X. Others Parts that clean a large amount of dirt are generally pre-cleaned by dipping, spraying, etc. After removing most of the dirt, the remaining dirt is ultrasonically cleaned, and the effect is good. If you clean small items and items (parts) with complicated shapes, if you use a cleaning net or rotate the cleaning object, you can use ultrasonic radiation while vibrating to get even cleaning.
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