The application of food superfine pulverization technology is a new attempt of the food processing industry. The fruity herbal tea, freeze-dried fruit powder and ultra-low temperature quick-frozen turtle powder which are commercially available in the United States and Japan are all processed by using ultrafine pulverization technology. Superfine pulverization of food can be added to foods such as cakes, candies, jellies, jams, ice creams, yogurts, etc. to increase the nutrition of foods, enhance the color and flavor of foods, improve the quality of foods, and increase the variety of foods. In view of the solubility, adsorption and dispersibility of ultrafine powder food, it is easy to digest and absorb, and can be used as diet food, diabetes food, middle-aged food, health food, fortified food and special nutritious food.
1. Introduction to technical principles
1. 1 Definition and classification Ultrafine pulverization generally refers to the process of pulverizing material particles of 3 mm or more to 10 to 25 m or less. At present, the micronization technology has two kinds of chemical methods and mechanical methods. The chemical synthesis method can produce micron-sized, sub-micron or even nano-sized powders, but the yield is low, the processing cost is high, and the application range is narrow. The mechanical pulverization method has a large output and low cost, and is the main means for preparing ultrafine particle powder, and is currently mostly used in industrial production. According to the mechanical movement form and force of the particles during the pulverization process, the mechanical method can be divided into three methods: impact pulverization, airflow pulverization and media agitation pulverization. 1.2 Processing equipment Ultra-fine particle crushing equipment can be divided into airflow type and mechanical type according to its principle of action. The airflow pulverizing equipment uses the ultra-high-speed airflow generated by the linear velocity of the rotor to accelerate the product into the ultra-high-speed airflow. The rotor is provided with a plurality of staggered chambers capable of generating variable-speed eddy currents to form high-frequency vibrations and to make the product moving direction. And the speed of the moment suddenly produces dramatic changes, which promote the rapid impact and friction between the product particles, thus achieving the purpose of crushing. Compared with ordinary mechanical ultrafine pulverization, jet milling can pulverize the product very finely, and the particle size distribution range is narrow, that is, the particle size is more uniform. Moreover, because the gas expands at the nozzle to cool down, the pulverization process is not accompanied by heat, so the pulverization temperature rise is very low. This property is particularly important for ultrafine pulverization of low melting point and heat sensitive materials. The disadvantage is that the airflow pulverization energy consumption is large, and it is generally considered to be several times higher than other pulverization methods. The mechanical type is further divided into four types: ball mill, impact micro-grinder, colloid mill and ultrasonic mill. High frequency ultrasound is generated by an ultrasonic generator and a transducer. Ultrasonic waves cause ultrasonic cavitation in the material to be treated. Due to the sparse area generated by the ultrasonic wave, the negative pressure can generate many cavities in the medium. These cavities expand and explode with the high frequency pressure of the vibration, and the vacuum The material can be shattered when the cavity is exploded. At the same time, due to the violent disturbance of the ultrasonic waves propagating in the liquid, the particles generate a large speed, thereby colliding with each other or colliding with the container to crush the solid particles or biological tissues in the liquid. After ultrasonic pulverization, the particle size is below 4 m, and the particle size distribution is uniform.
2. Application in food processing
2.1 Application in fresh bone processing As meat production increases, meat bones increase accordingly. In the consumer market, the general bone sales outside the ribs are not good, and the bones are low in price and inconvenient to store, so they are often discarded, causing great waste and pollution. Various livestock and poultry fresh bones are food additives with high nutritional value. Fresh bones contain many nutrients essential for maintaining human life, including calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and B vitamins. It is also rich in collagen, which is fibrillar in the human bone, which makes the bone marrow elastic. The polysaccharide acts as an adhesive for the inorganic components in the bone, strengthens the bones, and can become a lubricant for the joint cavity and nerve glue. Generally, fresh bones are boiled and eaten after being eaten. In fact, the nutrients of fresh bones are not absorbed by the human body, resulting in huge waste of resources. Using air-suction ultra-fine pulverization technology to multi-stage pulverized fresh bone into ultra-fine bone mud or dehydrated to make bone powder, which can maintain more than 95% of nutrients, and the nutrients are easily absorbed and utilized by the human body, and the absorption rate is up to More than 90. The bone paste is ground and tastes lubricious. It is similar to meat and has more nutritious ingredients.
Ingredients fresh bone paste pork milk rice moisture (g / 100g) 65.73 46.8 89.9 13.3
Protein (g/100g) 10.35 13.2 3.0 7.4
Fat (g / 100g) 13.44 37.0 3.2 0.8
Ash (g/100g) 9.73 0.6 0.6 0.6
Calcium (mg/100g) 3950 6.0 104 13
Phosphorus (mg/100g) 2040 162 73 110
Iron (mg/100g) 597 1.6 0.3 2.3
Zinc (mg/100g) 5.5 2.06 0.43 1.7
Copper (mg/100g) 0.2 0.06 0.02 0.3
2.2 Application in processing of agricultural products by-products By-products of agricultural products such as wheat bran (see Table 2 for comparison with other parts of nutrients), oatmeal, corn husk, corn germ residue, bean hull, rice bran, beet pulp, apple peel and bagasse Etc., rich in vitamins and trace elements, has good nutritional value, but due to the large particle size of conventional pulverized fiber, it affects the taste of food, but it is difficult for consumers to accept. Ultrafine pulverization technology can significantly improve the taste and absorption of fiber foods by micronizing the fibers, so that the food resources are fully utilized and the nutrition of the food is enriched, so the superfine pulverization technology is beneficial to the food. Make full use of resources.
Part of protein, fatty starch, sugar, etc. Cellulose ash Whole wheat 11.3 2.2 66.4 8.0 2.0 10.1
Endosperm 11.2 1.2 81.4 2.1 0.4 3.7
Embryo 40.3 13.5 24.3 1.7 4.8 15.4
Bran 17.6 8.3 7.0 43.9 8.6 14.6
3. Great potential benefits From the perspective of ecological and economic benefits, using ultra-fine pulverization technology, it is an international trend to obtain dietary fiber by superfine pulverization of animal bones, wheat bran, rice bran, peel and beet pulp. The research and development of dietary fiber in western developed countries has formed a certain industrial scale and has a place in the food market. The United States uses the ultra-fine pulverization technology to produce the "Golden Grain Fiber King" (the dietary fiber content is as high as 80%, which is 5-8 times that of oats), which is the most advanced brown gold car in the United States. It was popular in Europe and America after the advent of the United States. Developed areas. It is reported that in Europe and the United States, the annual sales of cellulose has reached more than 10 billion US dollars, and the market profit is very rich. At the same time, the United States also established the Dietary Fiber Association (USDA) to coordinate and promote the development of dietary fiber food. China's research on dietary fiber food is still in its infancy, but the market outlook is very optimistic. With the deepening of reform and opening up, people's living standards have gradually improved, and the diet has become more and more refined. The incidence of "modern civilization diseases" such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes caused by unreasonable diet has increased year by year. At present, people have begun to pay attention to their own health, and hope to achieve the purpose of disease prevention and treatment while eating. Studies have shown that dietary fiber has an irreplaceable unique role in improving the nutritional status of people of different genders and ages in China. With the gradual understanding of the importance of dietary fiber, fiber-enhanced foods will surely rise in China and quickly enter thousands of households. Taking the elderly as an example, the number of elderly people in China has exceeded 100 million. The potential consumers are calculated by 1 million people. Each person supplements 4g of dietary fiber per day, and the annual demand is 1460t. This is the only market sales. It broke through 100 million yuan. If you add other people or as a food fortifier, the annual demand will be even greater. Therefore, domestic medical nutrition experts pointed out that fiber food will become the leading food in the 21st century, and the application of the main technology of fiber food, namely ultra-fine grinding technology, will have a more extensive stage.
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