Milk is one of the most common drinks in people's daily lives. Drinking milk often is good for a healthy body. Therefore, people are increasingly demanding dairy products. In order to meet the needs of consumers, farmers must not only increase milk production but also improve the quality of milk production. So how can we improve the milk quality of dairy cows?
1. Scientific selection
High-quality milk is a kind of indicator produced by healthy cows in a pollution-free breeding environment after eating pollution-free feed. The hygiene and microbiological tests are all in line with the pollution-free food standards of the Ministry of Agriculture. The variety of dairy cows has a great impact on the quality of milk. Only high-quality dairy cows can produce high-quality dairy products. At present, the breeding of dairy cows in China often ignores the content of milk protein in milk and only focuses on milk production and milk fat percentage. The quality of milk is always below the ideal standard. In fact, the milk production of dairy cows can be improved through breeding, feeding management, etc., but the increase in milk fat percentage and milk protein content takes a long time, and it takes a long-term selection process and strict selection of varieties and individuals. Can achieve. Therefore, the selection of dairy breeds should meet the development needs of the domestic dairy industry. For example, the selection of Holstein cattle in the United States and Canada, and the use of their frozen sperm to improve the variety of existing dairy cows in China can improve the quality of milk.
2, reasonable feeding
In feeding, we should choose forage feed that is not contaminated, does not cause mildew, does not contain pesticides, antibiotics, hormones, etc., and the feed should not contain feed additives with strong pungent odor. Feed selection is focused on nutrition while maintaining diversity to avoid feeding a single feed. At present, many dairy farms are not enough to feed the concentrates in order to pursue high-yield feeds, and the production of acetic acid in the rumen of dairy cows decreases, and the milk fat percentage decreases. The main source of acetic acid is cellulose in roughage. Therefore, the amount and type of roughage in dairy cow diet have a great influence on the quality of milk. If the cow is fed with straw-based feed, it will lead to milk production and milk fat. The rate is reduced, and the choice of feeding high-quality roughage such as pasture and green fodder can significantly increase the milk yield and milk fat percentage. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the roughage are very important to the quality of the milk. The proportion of concentrate in the diet also has an effect on the quality of the milk. When the proportion of roughage in the diet is less than 40%, the milk fat percentage of the milk decreases. In addition, we must pay attention to the stability of the feed, keep the cows with normal physiological functions to avoid the metabolic disorder of the body, and try to ensure that the feed supply is relatively stable. Even if the types of feed in winter and summer change, the attention should not be too great. When feeding, be careful not to feed mildewed, contaminated, frozen feed, and to remove debris from the feed to prevent cows from being poisoned or injured.
The reasonable feeding arrangement is to feed 3 times/d, 8h at a time, so that the cows can eat well and give the cows enough time to rest and ruminate, which is beneficial to maintain the health of the rumen. In addition to regular feeding, feeding in the trough of the sports field allows the cows to eat ad libitum, which is helpful for increasing milk production and improving feed utilization. Also ensure that the cow has adequate and clean drinking water. In addition, the correct use of feed additives, such as the addition of appropriate amount of sodium bicarbonate in the cow's diet can increase appetite, increase feed intake, and prevent rumen acidosis and ketosis in high-yield dairy cows.
3. Scientific management
Scientific management of dairy cows should be carried out. Scientific management of dairy cows should first be based on reasonable physiological groups, age, body condition, production level, etc., and reasonable grouping of cows for future feeding and management. In the provision of rations, a variety of feeds are provided based on the actual nutritional needs of the cows to ensure a balanced diet in the diet. In the process of breeding, try to avoid all kinds of stress, because the stress reaction will affect the functions of the cow's body, causing the cow's endocrine disorder, digestive dysfunction, etc., so that the milk production and milk quality of the cows decline. It is necessary to keep the temperature of the barn stable to avoid excessive fatigue of the cows, to maintain a good environment and reasonable ventilation, to avoid excessive noise and sudden refueling. Keeping the cows with the right amount of exercise every day plays an important role in enhancing the body quality of the cows, increasing the milk yield and the quality of the milk. In addition to this, the cow body should be brushed every day to keep the body clean and promote blood circulation. Excessive milking not only affects the milk yield of the cows and the quality of the milk, but also causes the milk consumption of the cows to be too large to damage the breasts and affect the lactation of the next child. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically milk the milking time and the number of times of milking, and use the correct method to do the cleaning and disinfection work when milking, so as not to affect the quality of the milk.
4, disease prevention
Dairy cattle breeding should establish a disease prevention and control system to reduce the incidence of disease. Healthy cows are likely to produce high-quality milk. Therefore, the focus of prevention of dairy disease is to reduce the invasion of pathogenic organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in sanitation and disinfection of the breeding environment and improve the resistance of the cows. It is also necessary to develop scientific and rational immunization procedures according to the local epidemic situation and strictly follow the procedures to inoculate relevant vaccines.
The key to improving the milk quality of dairy cows is to choose excellent dairy cow breeds. Through scientific management, reasonable feeding, and prevention and treatment of diseases, the purpose of improving milk quality can be achieved.
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