Latest progress in stem cell research in 2016
December 09, 2016 Source: Bio Valley
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Stem cells have experienced rapid development in the last decade, from embryonic stem cells to adult stem cells, further to ips and their application in animal experiments and clinical applications, from small-scale clinical research to the market launch of some stem cell products, undoubtedly for future clinical applications. Provides huge imagination.
As progenitor cells of various tissue cells in the human body, stem cells are expected to play an important role in almost all major human diseases in the future. In addition to broad application prospects, stem cell therapy is more important in 2016 to face multiple “resonances†of global and domestic catalysts. The application of stem cell therapy is promising. Global stem cell drugs and policies are expected to make breakthroughs in the next two years. It is estimated that there will be about 400 billion US dollars in the world by 2020.
The following small series takes you back to the latest developments in recent stem cell research:
1. On October 11, 2016, in a new study, Japanese researchers made significant progress in achieving organ regeneration: using the stem cells produced by monkey skin cells to regenerate the damaged heart of five diseased macaques. The relevant research results were published online in the journal Nature on October 10, 2016, and the title of the paper is "Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts".
The experiment is expected to achieve treatment by transplanting a non-controversial large regenerative cell into a heart patient. The author of the paper, Yuji Shiba, a scientist at Shinshu University in Japan, said, "We still have some obstacles, including the risk of tumor formation, arrhythmia and cost." But there is no denying that this is a major technological breakthrough.
2. Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden identified dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain of mice and humans and developed a method to assess the quality of dopamine-producing cells cultured in vitro. The study of Jinsen disease has great benefits. The results of the study were published in the Cell Journal on October 6, 2016, entitled "Molecular Diversity of Midbrain Development in Mouse, Human, and Stem Cells."
The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are caused by the loss of cells producing dopamine in the midbrain, which leads to the deterioration of motor function. There are no methods to treat this disease so far, but researchers are eager to replace the lost dopamine-producing cells with new cells produced by stem cells in the laboratory.
3. In the field of translational medicine, stem cell therapy is the key to the treatment of many diseases, but scientists in the laboratory to cultivate and expand stem cells often encounter the problem of stem cells losing their therapeutic potential. In a new study, researchers have found that they have the ability to develop targeted methods to help maintain stem cells and to make stem cells more clinically useful through in-depth research on human mesenchymal stem cells.
"We found that mitochondria communicate with changes in cells, performing metabolic and energy reconfiguration to maintain the original hMSC characteristics," said author Dr. Teng Ma. "These findings suggest that mitochondria and metabolism play an important role in maintaining stem cell characteristics during hMSC culture."
"A deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms implicated in human mesenchymal stem cells is essential for better hMSC amplification and the use of hMSC for future clinical treatment," said Dr. JanNolta, editor-in-chief of STEM CELLS. "The research team led by Dr.Teng Ma has made significant progress in exploring the mechanisms for maintaining stem cell characteristics. This study is expected to bring some changes to the way hMSCs are cultured in the laboratory."
4. A recent new study found a new mechanism by which tumors recruit stem cells from bone to transform them into cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote tumor progression. This work accurately identified biochemical pathways and cell signaling molecules involved in the above process, or provided new therapeutic targets for inhibiting tumor growth. The relevant research results are published in the international academic journal Stem Cells and Development.
The study was completed by Xue Yang and Xiong-Zhi Wu of Tianjin Medical University, and they were described in detail in an article entitled "bFGF Promotes Migration and Induces Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Differentiation of Mouse Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Tumor Growth". Their results. The researchers found that breast cancer cells use bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) signals to help them attract bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induce these mesenchymal stem cells to become cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the article, they demonstrate stem cell recruitment and tumor-promoting function of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and found that this effect is mainly achieved by affecting the tumor microenvironment.
5. For the first time, scientists have developed fully functional oocytes from laboratory reprogrammed mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsCs). The findings, published in the October 17 issue of Nature, provide a new blueprint for understanding the egg formation process and provide a technological foundation for the transformation of human ESCs and ipsCs. (view original)
Does the above content give you an idea of ​​the latest research in the field of stem cells? Is it for you to have new research inspiration? Perhaps you are one of the authors of the latest research on stem cells published in Nature or Cell in the future. The following is a summary of the tools and reagents that will be involved in the stem cell experiment.
Merck's Sigma-Aldrich offers a comprehensive range of products and technologies for stem cell research, including novel stem cell lines, optimized media and related reagents, and innovative kits for globally induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsCs), neural stem cells, Researchers in mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cell research provide complete solutions.
Stem cells can self-renew or differentiate into many different types of cells in response to corresponding signals. These unique properties allow stem cells to perform unique functions in tissue repair, replacement and regeneration. Recently, the use of CRISPR genome editing and more advanced 3D cell culture techniques (such as organ-like cell culture) has provided researchers with more predictable in vitro cell "disease in disease" models.
Based on the CRISPR/ZFN gene editing technology and stem cell research expert platform, Merck Group Sigma-Aldrich offers a wide range of product lines, including ready-to-use stem cells, serum-free cell culture media and 3D cell culture media. Cell Design Studio (cell design) The studio can also provide researchers with customized engineered stem cell lines. Simply select your favorite host or ipsC cell line and a team of professional scientists will be responsible for knocking out, modifying or knocking in genes of interest. .
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