In modern vegetable production, cabbage is one of the main varieties of leafy vegetables cultivated in autumn and winter. The seedling period of cabbage is mostly in the summer, and it is often affected by natural disasters such as typhoon, high temperature, rainy, drought, etc. in summer traditional seedlings. In addition, unfavorable factors such as pests and diseases lead to increased production costs, and it is easy to miss the production season. Quality is also not guaranteed. Cultivating high-quality, low-cost vegetable seedlings will lay a solid foundation for the high yield of vegetables.
Compared with the traditional seedling raising method, the advantages are mainly reflected in: high germination rate; uniform emergence of seedlings; developed root system, no slow seedling period after planting; rapid growth; easy control of pests and diseases.
First, the variety selection
Choose the varieties of cabbage that are suitable for planting in the region, mainly including “beautyâ€, “Shenyueâ€, “Autumn Greenâ€, “Seven Grass†and so on.
Second, sowing
According to the time of planting to determine the sowing date, the seedling period of summer cabbage is generally 28 to 32 days, usually 30 days in advance.
Third, the tray selection
According to the length of seedling age and the standard of exiting, the types of trays such as EPS128, EPS200, EPS242, VFT128 and VFT200 can be selected. From the perspective of cost saving and seedling quality, EPS200, EPS242 and VFT128 are generally used.
Fourth, the matrix
Cabbage seedling substrate requires good physical properties, suitable for the pH value of cabbage seedling growth, no pests, grasses and toxic substances. Generally, it is made of imported grass charcoal, domestic grass charcoal, perlite and vermiculite, and the ratio is 1:3:1:1. Adding appropriate amount of base fertilizer to the matrix requires pH of 6.0-6.5, EC of 0.5mS/cm, and the substrate acidity and alkalinity can be adjusted by lime powder and ferrous sulfate respectively: 1.5kg lime powder can be adjusted to increase the pH of the matrix per cubic meter. .5 to 1.0 units; 0.9 kg of ferrous sulfate can be adjusted to a low pH of 0.5 to 1.0 units per cubic meter of substrate. The dry humidity of the substrate has a great influence on the maintenance management of the seedling stage and the uniformity of the seedlings. To check whether the moisture in the matrix is ​​suitable, you can use the following method: grab a hand by hand and knead it into a ball. If there is water oozing from the finger joints without dropping, the dry humidity of the substrate is suitable, otherwise it will be dry. Or too wet.
Five, soaking seeds
Summer cabbage is generally washed with warm soup. Put the seeds in a gauze bag and put them into a constant temperature water bath at 50 °C, soak for about 5 minutes, and continue to stir. Generally, a small amount of seeds can be taken out and peeled off, and spread out to dry.
Sixth, sowing and germination techniques sowing
The ST-750 automatic seeding line is used. The number of seeds per day is about 600,000, and the sowing depth is about 0.5cm. After sowing, it is covered with perlite and water is poured.
Seven, germination
The seeded trays are arranged neatly and orderly in the germination chamber, and the germination temperature is maintained at 21 to 23 ° C, and the spraying is continued. After about 24 hours, the seeds are broken and the germination chamber can be discharged.
Eight, greenhouse management
In summer, the temperature is high and the light is strong. It is best to let the cabbage seedlings out of the germination chamber in the evening to adapt to the new environmental conditions and spray the water in time after entering the greenhouse. The cotyledons should be sprayed continuously during the day before the exposed soil, and shaded with a shade net to increase the germination rate. After about 3 to 5 days, the hypocotyls gradually grow out of the cotyledons. After the seedlings are released, the amount of water should be controlled. If too much water is poured at this time, the seedlings are prone to occur, and it is necessary to do not water or water. The seedlings at the edge of the tray and the vents are hydrated. The first true leaf begins to appear in 7 to 10 days. At this time, 50 to 75 mg/kg of 14-0-14 fertilizer can be used for watering. The time for pouring the fertilizer is preferably selected before 10:00 of the previous year, and immediately after pouring. Rinse to prevent leaf damage caused by excessive local concentration.
Before the emergence of the first true leaf after the cotyledon is flattened, the seedlings are transplanted, and the germination rate is counted, the relevant information is accurately obtained, and the number of seedlings is notified to the customer in time, and the germination rate of the cabbage is generally above 90%. As the seedling grows up, gradually reduce the degree of shading and shading time, increase the illuminance, and adjust accordingly according to the weather conditions to prevent the seedlings from growing longer and causing late lodging. Continuously increase the concentration of fertilizer, and use 14-40-14, 13-2-13, 20-10-20 and other fertilizers reasonably, the concentration is generally 100-150mg/kg. In order to promote root growth, the seedling age is controlled by water at about 20 days, and the degree of water control is based on the fact that the leaves are not wilting. Pay attention to the noon water supply and appropriate sunshade at the right time.
The seedlings were allowed to grow under full light conditions a week ago to adapt to the natural environment. Put a heavy fertilizer 2 days before the sputum, generally choose 20-10-20250mg/kg. Generally, the standard for the sputum is three-leaf and one heart. When the box is used, the seedlings of the same specification are used for seedling, and the moisture of the substrate should be well controlled when starting the seedling. The temperature in the greenhouse is high, and the seedlings cannot be shipped immediately after being packed, and then operated after being cooled.
Nine, pest control
Pest control should choose high-efficiency, low-toxic, no-residue pesticides, and the spray should be even and positive on the front and back. The time is before 10 am or after 4 pm.
Common pests are mainly: aphids and locusts are sucking mouthparts, and plant juice is absorbed to interfere with photosynthesis. It can be controlled by using imidacloprid 1000 times liquid or sharp 1500 times liquid. Pieris rapae and Spodoptera litura are chewing mouthparts that eat leaves and cause plant death. It can be controlled by removing 2000 times liquid or 1500 times liquid of Ao Green No. 1.
Common diseases are: squatting disease, blight, mainly occurs in the seedling stage, after the seeds are released from the germination chamber, the roots can be irrigated with 800 times liquid. Black spot and leaf spot mainly occur in the later stage of the seedling stage. Due to the high density and poor ventilation, it can be controlled by methyl thiophanate 2000 times or Garrin 1000 times.
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