Fertilization is an important part of grape cultivation management. Rational fertilization plays an important role in the effective use of nutrients in the fertilizer and the absorption of nutrients in the soil to promote and regulate vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Therefore, we must apply scientific and rational fertilization according to the nutrient status in the soil and the demand for nutrients in different growth stages. 1 The base fertilizer grape fruit is swollen fast, and the maturity time is also short, so the fertilization should be based on the base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is also called the base fertilizer. It is the most important fertilization in the whole year of fertilization in the vineyard. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for more than 70% of the whole year. It is mainly based on the decomposed organic fertilizer. At the same time, it adds fertilizers such as calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate. After the deciduous leaves, it is now changed after the fruit picking; the general yield is 26 250 kg / ha of vineyards, the amount of base fertilizer is about 60 000 ~ 75,000 kg / ha. Shiji fertilizer is often used for ditch application or acupoint application. Usually done once every two years. Immediately after fertilization, the fertilization ditch and acupoints are buried in the soil and irrigated.
2 Top dressing According to the characteristics of the fertilizer required for the grape, in addition to the base fertilizer, it is also necessary to carry out top dressing. 2.1 Before the germination, the top dressing is applied before the germination of the grapes. The main effect is the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, which promotes the germination of the trees, the leaves are thick and the inflorescences are strong. Individual orchards that are too busy can be omitted, so as not to cause new shoots. Be careful not to touch the branches, so as not to cause excessive injury, and immediately fill the water after the top dressing is completed.
2.2 Young fruit dressing and timely topdressing can not only promote the rapid growth of young fruit, but also promote the flower bud differentiation, branch and root growth, and also play an important role in improving the yield and quality of grapes. The top dressing should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially the application of phosphorus and potassium. 2.3 Pre-harvest topdressing When the berry is 20 to 30 days before the ripening of the berry and the fruit granules begin to soften but not yet colored, the potassium sulphate is applied once. It can also be directly applied to the high-potassium and three-element fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. 10%, 8%, 27% of Saco. Otherwise, the fruit is poorly resistant, poorly colored, and low in sugar content. 2.4 After harvesting, the post-harvest grape is the key period for plant nutrient accumulation, and the root system enters the second growth peak in the year. It is timely applied to some quick-acting fertilizers, and combined with the spraying of nitrogen fertilizer on the leaves, restores the tree potential and strengthens the tree body. The ability to resist cold and winter is very favorable. 2.5 The external top dressing is mainly sprayed back, and the green branches and young fruits can be sprayed directly. Therefore, it is also called foliar topdressing. The top dressing is usually sprayed 2 to 3 times. The first time before flowering, in order to reduce the fruit drop and increase the fruit setting rate, 0.1% to 0.3% (mass fraction, the same amount) of urea and 0.1% boric acid or borax can be sprayed; the second time in the young fruit period, Spraying 0.3% to 0.5% of superphosphate or 0.2% of potassium chloride promotes the growth of berries and has a significant effect on increasing the yield of berries.
For the third time, in the early stage of berry ripening, spray 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote the ripening of berries and increase the sugar content of berries. Topdressing outside the roots should be chosen on sunny days, sunny noon, rainy days or windy weather. The fertilizer and water to be topdressed outside the root should be thoroughly stirred and dissolved, avoiding the first light and then thickening and hurting the leaves. At the same time, pay attention to the uniform spray.
The amount of fertilization of grapes is affected by many factors such as the plant itself and external conditions, such as variety, age, yield, plant growth, soil quality, fertilizer properties and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to make appropriate judgments based on the yield and the nutritional status of each organ, and make a reasonable balance of fertilization, and adjust it according to the situation.
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