Cabbage vegetables include cabbage, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, seaweed, red cabbage and the like. Today, we mainly study the common symptoms of these cabbage vegetables and how to prevent them.
First, downy mildew
1. Symptoms: This disease can occur in all phases, harming leaves, true leaves, flowers and their seed pods. After the onset of the leaves, the leaves were yellow-brown, and the white sparse mold layer was formed on the back of the leaves. Finally, the leaves became brown. The peduncle and the seed pod are sick, and the fat is deformed. White mold appeared on the surface of the diseased part when wet. It is prone to epidemic when it is cold and high in humidity and the weather is cloudy and sunny.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
(1) Planting resistant varieties.
(2) Seed disinfection
Seeding with 0.15% of the weight of the seed, 0.15% of the metalaxyl, or Baolingling (metalaxyl, thiram, methyl thiophanate in a ratio of 8:2:1), or 0.4% of the seed weight 50% Fumei double-mixed seeds can reduce the initial infection of germs.
(3) Agricultural control
Intercropping with non-cruciferous crops or water and drought rotation; timely sowing, reasonable close planting; applying base fertilizer, formulating fertilization, avoiding partial application, applying nitrogen fertilizer, planting in deep pit sorghum, timely drainage after rain, after harvesting Good pastoral cleaning work.
(4) Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, use 90% ethylphosphorus aluminum 800 times solution plus potassium permanganate 1000 times solution, or 72% gram dew wet powder 600-800 times solution, or 58% toxic mycelium manganese zinc wettable powder 600 times solution, or 65.5% Plex aqueous solution 600 times solution, or 40% copper oxychloride suspension agent 600 times solution, alternately spray 2-3 times, interval 7-10 days once.
.jpg "Common diseases of cabbage vegetables and their control")
Second, anthrax
1. Symptoms: It mainly damages leaves and petioles, and can also damage pedicels and seed pods. The leaf spot is nearly round, translucent and easy to perforate; the petiole has an oblong or spindle-shaped to fusiform depression, taupe, and the lesion is red and sticky when wet. High humidity, rainy and humid weather, or low-lying planting, planting too dense, partial application, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, etc. are easy to occur.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
(1) Select disease-free seeds for seed disinfection
Seeds are immersed in cold water for 1 hour, soaked in warm water of 50 °C for 15 minutes, then put into cold water to cool, dry and sow; or soak seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable 600 times for 20 minutes or seed dressing (quantity is seed weight) 0.4%), or seeded with 50% thiram double wettable powder (the amount is 0.5% of the seed weight).
(2) Agricultural control
Rotating with non-cruciferous crops every year; rational fertilization, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhancing plant disease resistance; rational close planting; small water pouring, avoiding soil over-wet; adjusting the sowing period according to local conditions; removing the diseased body and deepening .
(3) Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, use 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 80% anthrax fumei wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, or leaf spot net 1000 times solution, or 50% fortune WP 1500 times solution, or 25% carbon Ling Wet Powder 600 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil + 70% tobuzon wettable powder (1:1) 1000-1500 times solution, or 69% Anke manganese zinc + 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1: 1) 2000 times liquid. Note the use alternately. Pay attention to stop taking the medicine 10-15 days before picking up the vegetables.
3. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotial soft rot)
1. Symptoms: Most of the diseased seedlings are discolored at the base of the stem near the ground, which is watery and rot, causing tripping. The adult plants are mostly affected by the base of the stem, the petiole or the leaves, and the primary water-stained pale brown lesions are irregular and have no obvious edges. In a humid environment, white cotton-like mycelium and black rat fecal sclerotia grow on the lesion, and there is no odor. The disease is easily spread.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
(1) Seed treatment
The sclerotia in the mixed seeds can be panned with 10% saline or 20% ammonium sulfate water, washed with water and sown.
(2) Agricultural control
The implementation of 2-3 years of rotation, preferably water and drought rotation; rational fertilization, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, timely topdressing; timely drainage after the rain, found that the diseased plants were removed in time, deep burial.
(3) Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution, or 20% methyl chlorophosphorus emulsifiable oil 1200 times solution, or 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% vinyl bacteria Nuclear-wet WP 1000-1500 times, alternately spray 3-4 times, once every 7-10 days. If necessary, spray and apply.
Fourth, soft rot
1. Symptoms: It is a bacterial disease. It is mostly invaded from the wound. It is translucent and water-stained at first. It becomes gray or brown after 2-3 days. The disease is soft and rotted, and it oozes nasal mucus. High temperature and rainy weather, or poor drainage, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, or improper water management, dry and wet, root hair easy to break, or many insect wounds, are conducive to the induction and prevalence of the disease.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
(1) Pest control
Promptly control pests and reduce insect damage.
(2) Agricultural control
Rotation, deep ploughing of the sun, deep sorghum planting to avoid partial application, found that the diseased plants should be removed in time and brought out the vegetable field, and then use lime and nitrogen fertilizer, disinfect the diseased hole, use small water to dip, avoid large water dip.
.jpg "Common diseases of cabbage vegetables and their control")
(3) Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, use vegetable Fengning B1300-500 times liquid, or 70% dikesson 800 times liquid, or neomycin oxytetracycline 4000 times liquid, or agricultural streptomycin 4000-5000 times liquid; Combined with drenching, continuous application of 3-4 times, and pay attention to the use of drugs.
V. Viral disease
1. Symptoms: Cabbage vegetables can be affected during each growth period. At the seedling stage, the leaf veins of the heart leaves are chlorotic and transparent, and the flower leaves shrink and the plants are short and zombie. The condition of the adult stage is wrinkled and folded leaves, and the flower stems with severe disease are short, the pods are curved, and the fruit is poor. High temperature and drought, extensive management or large amount of mites and fleas, poor disease resistance and serious disease.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
(1) Select resistant varieties.
(2) Treatment of sputum and disease prevention: Before and after sowing and before and after planting, control aphids and prevent aphids from transmitting poison.
(3) Agricultural control: Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, try to adopt live cultivation methods, plant at the right time, eliminate diseased seedlings, and timely water and water to prevent drought.
(4) Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, use 1.5% phytopathogenic 1000 times solution, add 20% virus A600 times solution, or mix fat segment (83 antagonist) 100 times solution, once every 10 days, even spray 2 -3 times.
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