Accumulate with age! Science first: repeated bacterial infections can cause chronic enteritis
December 25, 2017 Source: Biological Exploration of: Flora
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Although low-bacteria levels of food contamination are common, the symptoms they cause are mild or even undetectable and can disappear within a day or two. However, the latest study reveals that repeated bacterial infections can cause intestinal inflammation in months or years. This "latent" outbreak depends on the number and duration of infections experienced in a person's life.
On November 22nd, the journal Science published an article entitled "Recurrent infection progressively disables host protection against intestinal inflammation", revealing that bacterial infections accumulate with age and are prone to severe inflammatory diseases.
Tiny bacterial infections (such as mild food poisoning) may be overlooked because they will recover spontaneously even if they are not treated. However, this latest study warns that these infections may cause chronic inflammation or potentially life-threatening enteritis after they have accumulated. This finding helps to exploit the root causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
â–‹ 1 , an eight- year study
Scientists from the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Institute (SBP), the University of California, Santa Barbara Nanomedical Center (CNM), and the University of Munich completed this innovative study, spending eight years before and after. They combined with existing clues to propose a completely novel hypothesis, trying to explore the origin of chronic enteritis.
First, there is growing evidence that a person's genome has relatively limited effects on common inflammatory diseases, including enteritis and IBD. For example, the causes of inflammatory bowel disease in twins are very similar. This means that this type of disease is also affected by more unknown environmental factors.
Second, the research team has found that seasonal bacterial infections in humans are associated with an increased incidence of IBD. “It is important to clarify the origin of a disease, which helps to ensure more reasonable and effective prevention and treatment,†said Jamesy Marth.
Combining these existing results, the research team speculates that periodic low-grade bacterial infections are likely to be the cause of chronic inflammatory diseases!
â–‹ 2 , repeated bacterial infections
The team developed a mouse model that mimics human mild food poisoning using a very low dose of the common bacterium, Salmonella Typhimurium, without causing significant symptoms or death. Moreover, all Salmonella can be successfully destroyed by the host.
Salmonella typhimurium is the leading cause of foodborne illness in humans. In most cases, these bacterial infections can only cause temporary intestinal discomfort and dysfunction.
The results show that although the host will clear the pathogens, these infections will slowly accumulate and eventually induce irreversible inflammatory diseases.
When the fourth infection occurs (several months apart), inflammation will gradually worsen and all mouse models will develop enteritis. Surprisingly, although the repeated infections have ended, enteritis has not improved. This shows that the damage has been caused and is irreversible.
â–‹ 3 , the molecular mechanism of inflammatory diseases
Repeated food poisoning induces a pro-inflammatory enzyme (green) that destroys the body's ability to detoxify and trigger inflammation. (Source: Jamey Marth)
Jamey Marth explains: “Salmonella can upset a previously unknown protective mechanism in the gut itself, which is often used to prevent intestinal inflammation.â€
They found that the development of inflammatory diseases is associated with a lack of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP, secreted by the duodenum). IAP is responsible for the removal of phosphate from molecules secreted by intestinal bacteria, thereby ensuring that these substances are converted from toxic to non-toxic. However, Salmonella infection up-regulates the activity of neuraminidase in the small intestine, which in turn leads to a lack of IAP enzyme.
Fortunately, we can prevent the occurrence of inflammatory diseases by increasing the level of IAP and inhibiting the activity of neuraminidase (such as taking a neuraminidase inhibitor, a drug used to prevent influenza virus).
References: 1) Gut reaction: Repeated food poisoning triggers chronic disease
The food additives has many kinds with huge quantities, It has been reached more than 2,000 varieties currently, which is widely used in the food manufacturing industry, The synthetic or natural substance can improve food quality and color, smell and taste as well as the need for preservation, preservation and processing technology. Each country has stringent control on the use of food additives, consumers are also mere mention of the food additive, the experts reminded that consumers needs not too worry about the food additives , during food processing,if not used food additives,it will take more risks, because the deterioration will cause food poisoning disease. Preservative is a kind of food additives which can appropriate prevent food spoilage, kill the toxigenic microorganisms caused by Aspergillus element, it is beneficial to human health. Food additives have a kind named as nutritional supplements, it can greatly improve the nutritional value of food, which has significantly positive on preventing malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, and promoting nutritional balance. Phthalide is one of the food additive which we carefully focused on development, our annual production capacity is over 300 tons. products are sold to the US market nearby five years, the quality has been widely recognized.
Food additives,Food Ingredient,Food Flavor
Taizhou Volsen Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.volsenchem.com