During the growth and development of grapes, it is necessary to absorb a variety of nutrients. Once a certain element is lacking, the plants will show the corresponding deficiency symptoms. More than production as a basis for the diagnosis of deficiency and take remedial measures. Nitrogen deficiency. When the grape lacks nitrogen, the leaves lose green and yellow, and the leaves are small and thin; the shoots grow slowly, the branches and twigs are thin and the internodes are short; the ear is loose, the ripening is uneven, and the yield is reduced. Remedial measures: The discovery of nitrogen deficiency, timely application of appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the root, can also be combined with root fertilization, using 0.5% urea solution as a root spray fertilizer. Phosphorus deficiency. When there is a lack of phosphorus in the grapes, the leaves curl upwards, red and purple spots appear, the growth of the auxiliary shoots is weak, the leaves fall off early, the inflorescences are tender, the pedicels are slender, and the falling fruit is serious. Remedial measures: Find a lack of phosphorus, timely spraying with 2% superphosphate or 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliar spray. Deficiency of potassium. When grape is deficient in potassium, the leaf veins of leaves lose greenish yellow and develop into yellow-brown patches. In severe cases, the leaf margin is charred; the xylem of branches is underdeveloped, brittle, and easily broken; the fruit is light in color, and the fruits are not mature and the grains are small. Less, acidity increases. Remedial measures: The lack of potassium was found, and a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 3% ash leaching solution was sprayed in time. Calcium deficiency. When the grape lacks calcium, the veins and leaves of the young leaves turn green, and then needle-size spots appear near the edge of the leaves. The apex of the stems is withered; the new roots are thick and curved, and the tips are easily browned and dead. Remedial measures: In the application of organic fertilizers, stir in the right amount of superphosphate; found calcium deficiency during the growth period, timely spraying with 2% of superphosphate calcium leachate. Magnesium deficiency. When the grape lacks magnesium, the old veins will lack green, and later it will develop into a brown spot, and it will fall off easily. The basal veins of the leaves are purple, with white-yellow veins and grayish-white veins. The middle veins are green and yellow and green. The upper leaves of the shoots were water-stained, resulting in larger necrotic plaques and leaf shrinkage; the middle leaves of the shoots fell off and the branches showed baldness. Remedy: Find magnesium deficiency and promptly spray with 0.1% magnesium sulfate solution. Iron deficiency. When the grape is deficient in iron, the leaves of the shoots are white and yellow, veins remain green, the new leaves grow slowly, and the old leaves remain green; when the iron is severely deficient, the leaves gradually fall off from top to bottom. The fruit color is small and the base fruit is not well developed. Remedy: Find iron deficiency and promptly spray with 0.1% to 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution. Boron deficiency. When the grape lacks boron, the shoots grow thin, the internodes become shorter, and the top is easy to die; the leaves near the inflorescence appear irregular yellowish spots, and gradually expand, and heavy fall off; young leaves are small, deformed, and bent downwards After flowering, the reddish-brown corolla often does not fall off, no fruit set or fruit set, and there are more seedless fruits in the ear. Remedy: Spray the leaf with 0.2% borax solution one week before flowering or when boron deficiency is found. Manganism deficiency. When the grape is deficient in manganese, it initially appears pale green to yellow between the main vein and the lateral veins. When the yellowing area expands, most of the leaves lose their green color between the main veins, while the lateral veins remain green. Remedial measures: Manganese deficiency was found and promptly sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% manganese sulfate solution. Zinc deficiency. When the grape is deficient in zinc, the new shoots are shortened between the nodes, the leaves become smaller, the petiole crucible becomes wider, and the leaves are spotted and chlorotic; some have the phenomenon of sparsely populated seeds, irregular grains, and irregular seeds. Remedial measures: When zinc deficiency is found one week before flowering, spray with 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
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