1. Site selection Sites should be selected from sandy loam soil with light and light transmission, deep soil, loose texture, good drainage, and metal content and pesticide residues not exceeding the standard. Before the winter, plunge the land deeply and make it smooth. About 2 meters apart, dig a ditch 0.5 meters deep and 0.4 meters wide to make the soil mature and eliminate root and tuber weeds and underground overwintering pests. In the second spring, each Mushi farmyard manure 2000 to 3000 kg, cake fertilizer 40 kg, phosphate 30 to 40 kg, mix well with the soil, flat ditch, and then poured enough water, 2 to 3 days after the land leveling again, for the lotus, lotus root width of 2 meters, Turtle-shaped high, ready to insert. 2. Propagation methods Lou House can be used for seeds, roots and layers. The seed reproduction speed is fast, but it is difficult to control the proportion of males and females, so it is suitable for harvesting trichosanthin. In order to harvest the fruits, it is appropriate to use split roots and pressure strips to breed so that it is easy to control the proportion of males and females and use more in production. (1) Seed propagation: From September to October, choose orange-colored, short-handled mature fruits, cut them out, wash, dry, avoid baking, so as not to reduce the germination rate. In the northern part of the country, in the spring of the second year of the Qingming to Guyu, the seeds are soaked in warm water of 40-50°C for a day and a night, and they are taken out for drying. The soaked seeds are then mixed with the river sand and germinated at a temperature of 20-30°C. After the break, line spacing is 20 cm, and the spacing between the rows is 12 cm. The depth of the hole is 4 cm. Seeds are used for 1 to 2 holes per hole. Seeds are split downwards, covered with soil and watered to keep the seedbed moist. The seedlings can be transplanted at a height of 10 centimeters, and the transplanting distance is 2 meters and 0.33 meters. (2) Replanting: In the north before and after the trough of rain, in the autumn before and after the autumn equinox, dig for 3 to 5 years of robust roots, white fresh roots with a diameter of 3 to 6 cm, for example, to harvest the fruit of the mirage. For the purpose of excavating the roots, pay attention to the roots of the digging females and digging the roots of the male plants. The roots of female and male plants should be placed separately to avoid mixing. Then, the roots were cut into small pieces of 6 to 10 cm in length, and the incisions were planted in wood and dried in a ventilated, dry place for one day until the incision healed. In the whole plant, dig a hole at a spacing of 2 meters and 0.33 meters along the line, lay the root section flat in the hole, cover the soil 3 to 4 centimeters, compact it by hand, and then apply 10-15 centimeters to earth to open the small mound. Eli Bao. About 20 days after planting, when the buds are removed, the top soil is removed, and it can emerge in about 1 month. In case of drought, one month later, the seedlings will still not emerge. They can be ditched and watered 10 to 15 cm away from the roots. However, they cannot be watered directly to prevent rot. When planting, pay attention to the collocation of male and female strains, generally according to the ratio of 5 to 10:1 and reasonably planting them. (3) Layering: Propagation According to the characteristics of the adventitious roots of the mirage, in the season when the summer rainfall is high and the temperature is high, the sturdy vines are pulled down and placed on the surface of the land that has been previously fertilized with basal fertilizer, and the soil is pressed at the festival. After the root grows, stems can be cut off and grow into new strains. You can transplant to Daejeon in the spring of the following year. According to the introduction of “Chinese Medicineâ€, this method has sufficient seed sources, high germination rate, early plant formation, and convenient management of breeding. The results are fast and yields are high and worth promoting. 3. Field management (1) Cultivated weeding: In the spring and fall season of the growth of the miracidium, attention should be paid to cultivating, that is, to increase the ground temperature and accelerate the growth of roots. The second is to remove weeds and save fertility. The cultivator should not be deep enough to prevent damage to the roots. (2) Dressing: Top dressing 3 times a year. The first topdressing should be about 50 cm in height when transplanted, or when the stems start to grow each year. About 30 cm away from the plant, the manure, manure, and cake fertilizers were prepared by ditching and ringing. The amount of mu was 2000 kg and then the soil was covered. The second dressing should be carried out in the early stage of flowering in the middle of June. The fertilizer type and fertilization method should be the same for the first time. The third time before the winter and soil over the winter, at the same time, farmers use 1500 to 2000 kg per mu. (3) Drainage and Irrigation: The Loulou is wet and afraid of drought. After each top dressing, you should drench the water once. In case of continuous drought and rain, it is necessary to increase the amount of water according to the public opinion. In case of continuous rain, the plot should be drained in time. (4) Racking: In order to make the distribution of the lush towers uniform, and to be able to provide better ventilation and light transmission, and to prevent overly deterrence, it is necessary to set up scaffoldings when the stems grow to 30-40 cm. Transplanting plants will not be too big that the scaffolding scaffolding should not be too high. In the next year, when the plants grow and they will bear fruit, the scaffolding should be stabilised. The height of the scaffolding should be about 1.8 meters. A concrete prefabricated piece of about 2 meters in length or bamboo and wooden poles can be used as a pillar and be buried under 20-30 centimeters. , A row of towers and a row of columns, every 2 to 2.5 meters stand one, 2 to 3 rows between a horizontal stand. Pull the wire on the top, two ends, middle and four corners of the shelf and keep it firm. On the top of the shelf, two rows of thin bamboo rods or straws were placed horizontally, and the ropes were tied on the wire. Then, two small bamboo poles are inserted next to each tower, and the upper end is tied to the bar or wire on the top of the rack. The stems are hauled to the rack and lightly tied with a string. (5) Pruning buds: Before leaving the shelves, leave 2-3 stout vines per plant and remove the remaining branches and axillary buds. After the shelves are removed, remove the mad bugs and axillary buds in time and cut the thin and dense branches so that the stem vines are evenly distributed and not overlapped. This ventilation and light transmission is good, but also reduces nutrient consumption, reduce pests and diseases, more flowering, more results. (6) pollination; Diaolou is a dioecious plant, natural pollination is subject to certain restrictions, often fruit setting rate, seed setting rate is not high. In order to increase fruit and seed yield, artificial pollination or bee pollination should be conducted during flowering. Artificial pollination method is at 8 or 9 o'clock in the morning, using a pen to draw male pollen, flowering the stigma of female flowers, so that a large amount of pollen into the stigma hole. Artificial pollination can greatly increase the fruit setting rate, but this method is labor-intensive and costly. In recent years, the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information and Information of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences has promoted a miniature beehive pollination technique, which is very effective. The specific method is to ask the bee farmer to put the bee to the Loutian, or to rent the pollination beehive at the Information Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences during the flowering period, and put a box of pollinators on every 2 to 3 acres of land to pollinate the bees by collecting honey from honeybees. The fruit setting rate and the amount of seeds produced are greatly increased. (7) Earth-cultivation: Overwintering in the cold regions of northern China, cultivating around the plants before freezing, applying farmyard manure, and cutting the vines 1 m from the ground, placing the remaining portions in plates, placing them on the roots, and burying them in the soil. About 30 cm high mound. The southern watchtower can safely overwinter, but it should be cultivated in the winter to protect the roots in order to facilitate plant growth in the coming year. China Agricultural Network Editor
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