5. Dragon fruit Dragon fruit (Red dragon fruit, Xian dense fruit) is a genus of hylucereus in the family of catacaceae. It is native to Mexico and other Central American regions and is a tropical fruit. It is currently in Central and South America. Some countries and Vietnam in Asia have large-scale cultivation. China's Taiwan Province has made major breakthroughs in the variety improvement and cultivation techniques of pitaya, and it has begun large-scale production. The coastal areas of the mainland have also been paying close attention to the development of red dragon fruit, and they have started research on the introduction of trial crops and small-scale production. (A) The main characteristics Pitaya is native to the equator and is more heat- and water-resistant. It can survive at high temperatures of 50-55°C and produces flowering results. It has poor cold resistance and frostbite at 4-8°C. The requirements for soil quality are not high. Plain land, hillsides, paddy fields, dry lands, and saline-alkali lands can all be planted. Due to the inconsistent timing of flowering, the annual April-November period is due to maturity, well-managed, 15 batches of flowers can be opened in one year, and the distribution of the production period is conducive to production and sales. The flower morphology and flowering period are similar to those of different families in the same family. The flowers are large. The corolla has a diameter of about 25 cm. The whole flower weighs 350-500 grams. It blooms at 7-10 in the evening and the flower fades after sunrise. There are both stamens and pistils in the same flower, insects pollinate, some species self-floral, some species are incompatible. For self-fancy species, pollination plants need to be configured to produce results. The time required for pollination to ripen the fruit varies with variety, geographical environment, and climate, and generally the fruit ripens 45 days after flowering. (b) Types of varieties At present, there are mainly three types of dragon fruit cultivation products, namely, white dragon fruit, red dragon fruit and yellow dragon fruit. Their respective characteristics are as follows: 1. White pitaya red meat and white meat, fresh food quality in general, Taiwan Province, the production period from June to October, pollination rate is good, strong disease resistance, high yield. Can be processed into juice, fruit powder and jam. 2. Red dragon fruit red red meat, fresh food quality is better than white dragon fruit, in May to November in Taiwan Province, but the white flower affinity is very low, resistant to self pollination to complete pollination, the fruit can be processed Into fruit juice, fruit powder, red pigment, ice cream powder, jelly and jam. 3. Yellow Dragon Fruit Yellow and white meat, fresh food quality, sweetness above 18Brix, and fragrance, is the best kind of taste. Fruit does not crack fruit, and it does not have to be fully cooked to harvest without affecting quality. In Taiwan Province, the market price is good during Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival. (C) cultivation techniques to dragon fruit cuttings propagation, cuttings branches should take 30 cm long, cut off after a week in the shade, until the wound healing after cutting, to prevent infection incision rot. Can be inserted throughout the year. From October to May of the following year, the plants germinate and grow naturally. The 2.7-meter-long reinforced concrete square column (10 cm x 10 cm) should be used as the pillar to support the dragon fruit branches to climb. The cement column top is fixed with cement to fix an iron cross for the fire dragon. Fruit branches climbing. The cement column is inserted into the soil 0.7 meters above the ground and the height above the ground is 2 meters. The root of dragon fruit will adsorb on the cement column and extend to the soil to absorb nutrients. Large-scale cultivation should be a 2.5-meter-long cement pillar, around the cement pillar to dig a depth of about + cm centimeters, the bottom of the fermented organic Fertilizer mixed with the soil, the seeds will be planted in the hole, next to each cement column 4-8 strains, initially, water once in 2-3 days, just keep the soil moist after rooting. Pitaya cultivation has not yet been significantly affected by diseases and insect pests. However, during the seedling period, lime is used to prevent snails, slugs, and other mollusks from harming and pesticides are not required. China Agricultural Network Editor
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