In recent years, Shandong has been vigorously advocating the use of biological pesticides. However, the results have been unsatisfactory. Biopesticides are still being left out, and the amount of chemical pesticides is still large. According to the household survey conducted by the Plant Protection Station of Shandong Province, the amount of chemical pesticides used by some farmers and their frequency of use are much higher than the level at which they should be used. What are the reasons? Some farmers have reported that, whether it is insecticidal sterilization or weed control, chemical pesticides will soon be effective soon after they are applied, but biopesticides will be slow to take effect and pests will not be destroyed until two or three days later. The residual period of biological pesticides is also short, and it is not necessary to apply the pesticide again after a long period of time. However, some chemical pesticides are applied once, and the period of validity is up to several months. On the other hand, the cost of using biological pesticides is high, and the general crop mu for medicine is more than double the cost of chemical pesticides. According to He Qiwei, a famous vegetable expert in Shandong, it cannot be blamed for the fact that farmers do not use biological pesticides because biopesticides are used. Although the quality of products has been improved, they cannot achieve the desired economic benefits. He believes that only by establishing and implementing a strict market access system for agricultural products and realizing high quality and high prices for agricultural products, can farmers consciously use biological pesticides driven by their interests. Of course, we cannot wait until the establishment of a comprehensive market access system to use biological pesticides. He Qiwei believes that at the moment, foreign countries should learn from foreign experience and practices: The government should formulate incentive policies, or directly subsidize farmers who use biological pesticides, or reduce or exempt taxes for enterprises that produce biological pesticides. It should be acknowledged that farmers have become accustomed to using chemical pesticides. They are not yet familiar with or are unfamiliar with the use of biological pesticides. The efficacy of biological pesticides is determined to a great extent by the use of pharmaceutical technology. To this end, He Qiwei suggested that it is particularly important at present to strengthen the training of grass-roots agro-technical personnel and farmers, and to popularize knowledge and techniques for biological control of crop pests and diseases. It should be pointed out that the advocacy of farmers to use biological pesticides is based on the premise that there is medicine available, but the current situation of the pesticide industry in Shandong is very unpleasant. According to experts from the Office of Chemical Industry of Shandong Province, there are many pesticide companies in Shandong, ranking the second in the country, and the output is also large, but the product structure is obviously unreasonable. There are 172 existing pesticide production enterprises, plus a total of 205 health insecticide companies, of which there are 30 companies that have the ability to produce original pesticides, more than 100 pharmaceutical preparation enterprises, and 18 companies that use biological and plant pesticides as their main products. . There are 60 chemical pesticides and the backbone species are highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides. There are 13 biological pesticide products, only B. t. (Active biological pesticides), Trichoderma, Liuyangmycin, ciprofloxacin, avermectin, simulated ginkgo bactericide - Green Emperor and other six products have the original drug production capacity. Insecticides accounted for 70% of all pesticides and the proportion of fungicides and herbicides was low. In 2002, the province's total pesticide production was about 22,500 tons, biological pesticide production was only about 200 tons, and biological pesticide production was less than 1% of total pesticide production. There is still a problem of backward technology in pesticide production. Production is basically controlled manually, and many of the original drug content is 10% lower than in foreign countries. The processing of pesticide preparations in foreign countries has developed toward the direction of solvent-free, water-based, and solid-state, while the processing agent types in Shandong are relatively single, and are still based on emulsifiable concentrates and WPs, which not only waste resources but also cause environmental pollution. In addition, the problem of small scale production and poor competitiveness of pesticide production enterprises cannot be ignored. In particular, bio-pesticides companies have limited output, and most of their profits are not good. Some large companies such as Lukang Group and Shengli Group have only recently entered bio-pesticides, and their output is limited. Therefore, Shandong chemical experts and agricultural experts unanimously called for the need to adjust the structure of pesticide products in Shandong as soon as possible. Determined to vigorously develop biological pesticides. Xue Kefu, director of the Shandong Provincial Institute of Pesticide Testing, believes that the trend of foreign biochemicals in the chemical industry is already evident. Companies such as DuPont in the United States have already entered bioengineering. China has almost no advantage in terms of chemical pesticides. Therefore, we must focus our efforts on the priority development of biological pesticides to drive the development of other high-tech pesticides. Xue Kefu analyzed that Shandong's soil, climate, and crops have diversity characteristics, especially rich in microbial resources. The development of biological pesticides has resource advantages. It is necessary to formulate preferential policies, concentrate technologies and funds, and support enterprises to develop higher technologies and more varieties. Bio-pesticides make farmers more affordable and use alternatives to chemical pesticides. At present, for more realistic choices, efforts should be made to increase new varieties of pesticides for controlling underground pests, increase the variety and yield of herbicides, especially herbicides in dry fields, and make the ratio of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides more reasonable; reduce EC, The proportion of powders and wettable powders, development and promotion of new types of production and application technologies such as water emulsions and suspending agents; vigorously developing new varieties and preparations that are highly efficient and safe, reducing the yield of highly virulent varieties, and making pesticide varieties Highly toxic, it is highly efficient, highly selective, low-toxic, and low-residue. According to the characteristics of agricultural production in Shandong Province, special pesticides such as fungicides and nematode control agents for fruits and vegetables were developed. The pastoral, urban afforestation and gardening applications with broad market prospects should also be given attention. At the same time, the structure of the pesticide industry should also be adjusted as soon as possible to implement intensive production. Small businesses should take the “professional, refined, and special†roads and form their own unique competitive advantages. Enterprises that focus on dosage form processing must improve formulation processing and formulation capabilities, establish close cooperative relationships with large enterprises, and increase the socialization of production. It is necessary to change the situation of small, chaotic and scattered pesticide companies as soon as possible, and determine "fixed-point" manufacturers through market competition rather than administrative approval. Actively use foreign capital for industrial integration. Foreign pesticide companies must seek localization of production in order to reduce product costs in order to increase their competitiveness. As a result, opportunities for Chinese and foreign cooperation in the production of pesticides will increase. Implement corporate asset restructuring. The leading role of large-scale pesticide companies should be brought into play to fundamentally solve the problem of disconnection between R&D, production, and use. It may be considered that R&D institutions will be assigned to pesticide companies, or R&D institutions and companies will co-fund the establishment of joint-stock companies to share benefits and share risks.
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