1 Problems in the use of pesticides
1.1 Prevention of inappropriate control
Most planters do not use drugs at the beginning of crops, and it is common to see no insects and no spots and no drugs, accounting for about 85%. The pests and diseases of most agricultural crops are very early in the disease and the symptoms are very light. At this time, the medicine is effective, easy to control, and easy to control. It is also difficult to save medicines. After large-scale outbreaks, it is difficult to control, and a great deal of prevention and control costs are required. It can only be controlled within a certain range of harm losses, and it may be used only when it has caused more damage.
1.2 lack of common knowledge of pesticides for planters
In the environment of gradual liberalization of the pesticide market, due to the uneven quality of pesticide managers: some have undergone formal system training and learning; some have only participated in short-term training organized by the plant protection department; some have not even participated in short-term pesticides. Knowledge training. more than this. They used the peasants' lack of knowledge about pesticides, made black money for their own benefit, and misled farmers into using drugs.
1.3 can not be symptomatic medication
In the prevention and control. Insecticides should be misused with fungicides or fungicides should be misused with insecticides. In other words, insecticides cannot cure diseases, and they cannot kill insects because of their ability to treat diseases or their ability to recognize symptoms due to pests and diseases. The wrong use of pesticides. It is insecticide that uses insecticides. Do not use different types of pests depending on the crop. Failure to purchase safe, efficient, and economical pesticides delayed delays in control and caused losses. Therefore, before the use of pesticides, the plant protection department should be consulted on the symptoms of the crops that have been harmed. Strive to achieve the symptomatic use of pesticides.
1.4 improper use of liquid concentration
When using pesticides, read the instructions carefully and follow instructions for water application. In order to reduce the workload, some people often add more drugs and less water. When spraying insecticides or fungicides, sufficient water quantity is very important because the eggs and germs are mostly concentrated on the back of the leaves and on the surface of the soil. If water is used at the time of application, it is difficult to spray evenly the whole plant. The residual eggs and bacteria that are killed can easily explode when the humidity is suitable. Secondly, the increase in the concentration of the liquid can also enhance the resistance of pests and germs and may cause phytotoxicity. Foliar fertilization when used at high concentrations. Not only is it not absorbed by crops, it also causes the body fluids of the crop to infiltrate, causing physiological drought. When the concentration of hormonal pesticides is too high, it will cause adverse effects or cause crop growth malformations. Therefore, if the concentration is not well controlled, not only will it not achieve good control, it will also be counterproductive.
1.5 Failure to apply the drug as appropriate. Insufficient pesticide application
In the event of the occurrence of pests and diseases, prevention and control can achieve a certain effect. However, with the loss of pesticides and decomposition failure, as well as the infection of adjacent plots, there are still hidden dangers of pests and diseases. It should be used two or three times in intervals of 7 to 15 days to achieve the best control effect. After foliar fertilizers and hormonal pesticides are sprayed, the plants can only absorb traces from the leaf surface. It is advisable to apply the spray in small amounts for a suitable period to achieve the desired effect.
1.6 application of highly toxic residual pesticides
Some farmers' friends use pesticides. Like pesticides that have strong toxicity, obvious control effect, and medicine to insects. Most of these drugs are highly toxic and have a high residue. After the crops are absorbed, they will remain in the crops for a long period of time, and humans and animals will consume a certain amount of food. Can cause poisoning. Bring security risks.
2 Countermeasures and Suggestions for Rational Use of Pesticides
2.1 symptomatic purchase and use of pesticides
There are many kinds of pesticides, and different pesticides have different control areas. It is necessary to select the most suitable pesticide species and dosage form according to the type and characteristics of the object to be controlled. According to local and seasonal pests that are prone to seasonal crops, do not blindly purchase and apply pesticides when you do not understand the symptoms of insect pests. You should collect the specimens from the local plant protection department or consult the agricultural technicians. Symptoms can only be treated after symptoms have been confirmed.
2.2 Use of Efficient, Safe and Economical Pesticides
Do not use pesticides that are deteriorating, ineffective, and that the state has banned, and do not use pesticides with damaged or incomplete or unspecified packaging; name, specification, registration number, quality approval number, production license number, net weight, production Pesticides with complete identification and labeling such as the plant name, site, instructions for use, precautions, toxicity signs, production date, quality assurance period, and batch number, etc., can achieve the purpose of cost saving and improvement of control efficiency, and will not be able to use counterfeit pesticides.
2.3 timely application of pesticides
When pesticides are applied, they should be selected at the most sensitive stage or the weakest link in the pests and diseases. The application of too early and too late will affect the control effect. For example, the prevention and control of rice second- and third-phase pods should be controlled when the worm eggs begin to hatch and the larvae do not drill into rice stalks.
2.4 days to see the drug
The effect of applying pesticides is also affected by the weather. If the pesticide is applied under conditions such as strong winds and rain, the control effect will be greatly affected. When spraying in windy weather, the liquid droplets of the liquid will drift with the wind and cannot fall evenly onto the surface of the crops, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the control; the rain will be directly washed away by the rain. Causes loss and affects control efficiency; spraying at high temperatures at noon will accelerate the evaporation and decomposition of the liquid and reduce the effectiveness of control.
2.5 Appropriateness and proper application of pesticides
When applying pesticides, it should be based on different formulations of pesticides. Use different methods of application. If powders are used, they cannot be sprayed on water; anti-seed pests should be treated with methods such as seed dressing and poison bait; for pests often on the back of the leaves, they should be applied to the back of the leaves when applying pesticides, etc., in order to improve the efficacy. Too much medication is prone to injury. If the medication is too little to achieve the desired effect, appropriate and reasonable doses of water should be used according to the instructions for the use of different pesticides, and the dosage should not be arbitrarily increased or decreased.
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