First, long-term nitrogen fertilizer
Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer, also called coating nitrogen fertilizer, is a kind of nitrogen fertilizer coated with coating material. Its coating is made by spraying a solution of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, and boron. The coated nitrogen fertilizer does not change the original nature. Compared with ordinary nitrogen fertilizers, long-term nitrogen fertilizers have good physical properties, flat nitrogen release, long fertilizer efficiency, and high nitrogen utilization rate.
Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer has a sustained-release effect, which is suitable for the needs of crops from the seedling stage to the growing period of nitrogen, there is no shortage of early supply, lack of small amount of late. The promotion of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer not only saves energy and costs, but also increases the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, and also alleviates the contradiction of nitrogen fertilizer supply. Therefore, vigorously promoting and rational use of long-term nitrogen fertilizer is an important means to improve the yield and quality of agricultural products.
Long-term nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for all kinds of crops and various soil conditions. There are mainly two varieties of long-acting nitrogen fertilizers that are currently used in China: long-acting urea and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate. The application method is basically the same as that of urea and ammonium bicarbonate. Specific application points are as follows:
1. The nitrogen release of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is relatively slow, and the peak release period is about 5 days later than that of urea. Therefore, it should be ahead of the regular application period of urea. Generally early spring 5 to 6 days in advance, summer 3 to 4 days in advance is appropriate.
2. Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer has stronger nitrogen retention capacity in soil and higher utilization rate. Therefore, its use is slightly less than that of normal nitrogen fertilizers. Usually 10 to 15% less than the constant.
3, due to different soil quality, long-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the soil absorption and preservation capacity also has significant differences. The absorption and preservation ability of clay is strong, and the amount of one time can be more; Sandy soil should be applied in small amount and multiple times.
4. Scientifically apply long-acting nitrogen fertilizer according to different nitrogen uptake characteristics of crops.
Second, nitrogen fertilizer long-term synergist
The nitrogen long-acting synergist combines urease inhibition, nitrification inhibition, ammonia-stable agent and plant growth stimulation, and their action mechanisms complement each other to make the long-acting and synergistic functions of nitrogen fertilizer significantly stable, so that the characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth The absorption of nutrients tends to be consistent, and it can achieve the effect that the crop does not overgrow in the early stage of growth, does not grow mad in the medium term, does not defer from the fertilizer in the later stage, promotes crop growth, and increases crop yield.
1. Effect of long-acting nitrogen synergist
Taking urea as an example, urea is amide nitrogen and plants cannot directly absorb and use it. However, urea is applied to soil and quickly hydrolyzed into ammonium carbonate that is easily absorbed by plants through the action of water and urease in the soil. However, in the process of fertilization, urea in this conversion process is very easy to volatilize in the form of nitrogen, generally up to 11~15% in paddy fields. The nitrogenous fertilizer synergist mixed into urea on the one hand improves the inhibitory effect of urease, delays the hydrolysis process of urea, and at the same time the ammonia stabilizing effect of the synergist directly reduces the volatilization loss of ammonia. Ammonium in the form of ammonium bicarbonate can easily be adsorbed by soil particles, stored in soil, and slowly absorbed by plants. However, this stable form is quickly destroyed by a series of actions of the nitrosodius and nitrifying bacteria in the soil, oxidizing ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, which can be absorbed and utilized by plants but not adsorbed by soil particles. Leaked through the movement of water, it penetrates underground or into rivers, lakes and seas. This is another way of losing nitrogen. Under the action of denitrifying bacteria, nitrate nitrogen will turn into nitrite nitrogen, further form ammonia, become gaseous, and enter the atmosphere. The nitrogen loss caused by general denitrification can reach 15~40%. Nitrification inhibition of nitrogen long-acting synergists delayed the peak of ammonia formation for 30 days, and the formation of nitrate nitrogen decreased by 21.7%. This is the principle of nitrogen long-acting synergist.
2. Benefits of applying long-acting nitrogen synergist
(1) The fertilizer effect period is prolonged. Experts determined that the long-acting synergist used ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer effect period from the original 35 to 40 days, 50 days of urea, extended to 90 to 120 days, can achieve a fertilization without fertilizer, saving labor.
(2) Save fat. In the same amount of production, it can save 10~15% of fertilizer.
(3) Improve crop yield and quality. Under the same conditions, long-term potentiators with nitrogen fertilizers have a long pot life, and the fertilizer supply is balanced. The crops are sturdy and resistant. The seeds are full and the water content is low. Especially in the drought-prone years, when the crop growth period was severely delayed, the maturity of the land with nitrogen long-term synergists applied was significantly better than that of other plots, thereby increasing the yield and quality.
(4) Green environmental protection. The use of synergists reduces the emission and pollution of fertilizers to the environment, and at the same time reduces the nitrate content of agricultural products, which is beneficial to environmental protection and food safety.
3, introduce two fertilization formulas
(1) Three-element compound fertilizer with a N, P, and K content of 15% and a nutrient content of ≥ 45% are mixed with a long-term synergist. That is, for each acre (667 square meters), 45% of compound fertilizer is 20 kg + urea 15 ~ 17.5 kg + long-term synergist 1 kg. The formula can reduce the cost of 8~13 yuan per mu (667 square meters) compared to the long-acting fertilizer produced by the fertilizer plant.
(2) Directly mix urea, granular phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and long-term synergist. That is, per acre (667 square meters) granular phosphate fertilizer (12%) 30 ~ 40 kg + urea 15 ~ 20 kg + potassium chloride 5 kg + long-term synergist 1 kg. Mix well before sowing, and apply one time at the end. The application of the formula can reduce the cost of 10~15 yuan per mu (667 square meters) compared to the long-acting fertilizer produced by the fertilizer plant.
4, nitrogen fertilizer long-term synergist use matters needing attention
(1) It is used now. If you do not use it for a long time after mixing, the fertilizer will become sticky. Although it will not affect the fertilizer effect, it will inconvenience fertilization.
(2) Fertilizer isolation. Fertilizer once input, a large amount of fertilizer, high salt ion concentration, easy to cause burning seedlings. Fertilizers must be seed and fertilizer isolated. Generally 5 to 6 cm from the side of the seed is appropriate.
(3) depending on the soil application. Leakage and leakage of fertilizer plots generally do not advocate the application of fertilizer once.
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