Asarum also known as fine parameters, yandai pot flowers. Aristolochiaceae, a perennial herb. For traditional Chinese medicine. "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" is listed as top grade. Because of its roots and flavor, it got its name.
The most slender roots on the roots of Asarum are clustered. Roots and stems are partially divergent, with 2-3 scales on each division and 1-2 long-stemmed leaves; scales are round and membranous, 7-10 mm long, and obtuse at the apex. Petiole 10–23 cm long, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade heart-shaped, 4–8 cm long and 5–10 cm wide. Single flower, purple, from the two leaves out, pedicels 3 to 5 centimeters long in the flowering period, nearly perianth tube at a right angle bent, shaped like a yandai pot. Perianth lobes 3, triangular broadly elliptic, 9 mm long, 11 mm wide, slightly pointed, recurved by base. Fruit is a fake berry, hemispherical, 10-15 mm long, 15-20 mm wide, with residual tepals on top, not dehiscent after maturity, and irregularly broken after rot. Flowering May, fruiting June.
Asarum was born at a slightly darker temperature in the understory humus layer. Common in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and under broad-leaved forests, dense shrubs, slightly moist at the bottom of the gully, and woodland under the edge of forest or hillside.
The Changbai Mountain and Mid-levels mountains in eastern Jilin have produced. The province has an annual output of 150,000 kilograms. Asarum herb contains 2.65% of volatile oil. The main components of volatile oil are: methyl eugenol, yellow camphor oil, carvacene, borneol and so on.
The cool and cool environment of Asarum has a cool, cold-tolerant environment. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a thin woodland, a humus, a deep, loose, and fertile loam, or a cool shady and humid shady slope. Use wild asparagus seed, seed, rhizome to breed. May-August harvest dry.
The purpose of Asarum is: 1 whole plant medicine, used as antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, sedative. Treatment of headaches, sweating, phlegm effect. 2 Veterinary drugs are used to treat cough, asthma and constipation. 3 pesticides as insecticides and fungicides.
chemical composition:
All kinds of Asarum contain essential oils.
Herba Asarum contains 2.65% volatile oil, methyl eugenol as the main component of the oil, and other astragaloside, carvone, β-pinene, α-pinene, elemene, asarone and other ingredient.
Asarum contains about 1% volatile oil, about 23 kinds of oil components, mainly α- and β-pinene, terpene, geranene, 1,8-cineole, borneol, safrole, methyl eugenol Asaron and so on.
The volatile oil of Hua Xixin is 2.66%, and its main components are α- sideboreene, myrcene, γ-terpineol, α-terpineol, scutellarin, nigrosin, asarone, methyl eugenol, 2- Methyl yellow glycosides, β-pinene and α-pinene, myristyl ether, limonene, linalool. It also contains various components such as n-pentane, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and sesamite.
Cultivation Techniques:
1. Soil selection and soil preparation are loose and fertile, rich in organic soils, and the pH is preferably neutral or slightly acidic. Avoid light and fear of drought, so the main production areas in the northeast of the multi-selection under the forest, with old ginseng or farmland planting must be shaded. Under forest cultivation, strict requirements are imposed on tree species, but broad-leaved forests are the best, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests. The slope should be east or west, and the slope should be within 10 degrees.
Site preparation should be carried out in the spring and summer. Early soil preparation will help the soil to mature, and the Asarum grows well and the disease is light. Before the planing, remove the small shrubs or dense branches of the forest and keep 50%-60% of the light transmittance under the forest. The depth of the planing site is 15-20 cm, and the stones, roots are removed, and the soil surface is flattened. The sorghum with width of l-1.2 meters, length of 10-20 meters and height of about 20 centimeters is made into a sorghum with a width of 50-l00 cm. The thick roadway may be slightly narrower, and the thin soil course may be wider to ensure that the sampan surface is adequately sized.
2. Field management
(1) The watering and weeding Asarum root system is shallow, it is not tolerant to drought, especially the nursery, the seed is small, and the soil is shallow. The soil moisture must be checked frequently, and the soil should be timely watered to ensure that the seedling is full and the seedling is strong. It should be noted that weeding should be done in time and weeds should be no weeds.
(2) Adjusting the light temperature Before May, the temperature is low, and the seedlings require more light, but they do not need shade. From June onwards, the light should be controlled at 50%-60% of the light transmission rate. The use of the old ginseng to plant the Asarum must set up the arbour, and the cultivation of the forest should also be based on the request of Shinseng to repair the shed or repair the branches.
(3) Fertilizing soil Asarum is a fertilizer plant that grows in thin soil and grows extremely slowly if it is not fertilized. According to Liaoning's experience, basal manure is the best for pig manure, followed by smoked soil manure (tiger manure), and chemical fertilizer is better for superphosphate. In May and July of each year, 1 kg of superphosphate plus 50 kg of fresh water can be used to dissolve the mixture and the supernatant can be taken. The water can be poured on the surface with a watering can and 2 kg of superphosphate can be used every 20 meters.
After entering the winter, 4000 kg of pig manure is mixed with 40 kg of superphosphate per acre for fermentation, and the already fermented fertilizer is mixed with about 5 times of the humus to spread on the Asarum, which will be used for the coming year. Fertilizer can protect buds safely overwintering. Because the roots of Asarum grow up one year each year, the buds on top of them will be susceptible to freezing injury if they are protected by wood.
(4) The perennial plants of the flower buds are removed for flowering and fruiting, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the yield. Therefore, when the buds are removed from the ground, they are all removed.
3. Pest control
(1) Disease prevention and treatment Asarum has less disease, and the sclerotial sclerotiae is currently the heaviest damage. It occurs every year from early spring to summer and damages the whole plant. Control methods: Strengthen field management, no water accumulation, no compaction, attention to ventilation, light adjustment to 50% -60% of the transmittance. Should be harvested or replaced in a timely manner. Chemical control can use 50% carbendazim 500-l000 times liquid spray or root. It was found that the diseased plants should be completely removed, and the diseased soil should be limed or sterilized with 5% formalin.
(2) Pest control pests include mainly tigers, black caterpillars, aphids, and Asparagus, and black caterpillars, aphids, and phoenix butterfly bite leaves. In severe cases, most of the leaves are eaten. The ground tiger is the heaviest. It eats young shoots and cuts off petioles and rhizomes. The ground tiger can be used as a poison bait to kill by using trichlorfon bean cake or wheat bran or kill it with poisonous soil. Other pests can be sprayed with foliar 1000 times to control the leaf surface.
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