Corn Armor
The scientific name of this insect is Dactylispa setifera (Chapuis), which belongs to the order Coleoptera, commonly known as the "Tiejia" beetle. The subspecies is mainly found in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces. A black variant of the species is distributed in Yunnan.
This pest primarily attacks crops such as corn, sugarcane, sorghum, millet, wheat, and rice. The larvae feed on the leaves, consuming the leaf tissue while leaving only the upper and lower epidermis intact. This feeding causes the leaves to dry out and wither. Adult beetles also feed on the leaves, creating white longitudinal stripes. In severe infestations, dozens of beetles can be found on a single leaf, resulting in the entire leaf turning white and dying.
The adult beetles measure 5–6 mm in length, with a blue-black body. Their compound eyes are black and spherical. The head, thorax, and abdomen, along with their legs, are yellow-green. The elytra (wing covers) are blue-black, and both the proboscis and the upper part of the elytra have long spines. The pronotum has four spines at the front and three on each side. Each elytral side has 21 spines. The eggs are approximately 1 mm long, oval, smooth, and light yellow. The larvae are about 7.5 mm long, flat, milky-white, with a pair of tail spines at the end of the abdomen. On the second to ninth segments of the abdomen, there are small, knob-like protrusions on each side. Each segment also has a horizontal stripe pattern. The pupae are 0.5 mm long, elongated, and white to yellow in color.
The life cycle of this beetle typically involves one or a few generations per year. Adults overwinter in weeds along hill slopes, ditches, ratoon cane, and wheat leaves near corn fields. As temperatures rise above 16°C in late spring, adults become active. They usually reach peak activity in mid-April and fly into corn fields. Eggs are laid in young leaf tissues, and the egg stage lasts 7–16 days. After hatching, the larvae feed on the leaf tissue until they mature. The larval stage lasts 16–23 days. Pupation occurs in May, with the pupal stage lasting 9–11 days. By June, a large number of adults emerge and fly back to the hillsides during the summer. A small number of adults may remain in the corn fields in autumn to lay eggs.
To manage this pest, manual collection of adult beetles before 9 AM is recommended. During the egg-laying and early larval stages, spraying 90% trichlorfon at 800 times dilution, 50% dichlorvos EC at 1500 times, or 50% chlorpyrifos EC at 1000 times per 667 m² is effective. However, if the infestation occurs in sorghum fields, where sorghum is sensitive to trichlorfon and dichlorvos, alternative insecticides suitable for use in high-crop areas should be applied instead.
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