According to the analysis of experts in the organization of scientific research, teaching and promotion units of the National Agricultural Technology Center, the main pests and diseases of corn in the country will be heavier than normal in 2018. The estimated area is 1.08 billion mu, of which 80 million mu of insect pests occur and 280 million diseases occur. Acres. In the northeast and north China, corn borer, armyworm, underground pests and large spot disease are the most serious. In the Huanghuai area, corn borer, cotton bollworm, larvae, and brown spot disease are prominent, and cotton bollworm and aphid in northwest and southwestern areas. Leafhopper, armyworm, and small spot disease are common. The corn borer is aggravated in the northeast and northwestern parts of the country. The high density of the armyworm in the north will be concentrated, and the cotton bollworm will rise to the point where the damage is obvious and the damage area is enlarged.
I. Trend forecast
(1) Pests
The area of ​​corn borer is 315 million mu, of which 125 million mu is produced in the first generation of corn borer. The northeastern part and northwestern part of the country occur heavily, and the southeastern and southwestern regions occur moderately. The second generation of corn borer occurs 120 million mu, northeast and southwest. The occurrence of heavy weight occurred; 70 million mu of three-generation corn borer occurred, and some areas of Huanghuai occurred heavily, and most of the North China and Huanghuaihai areas occurred moderately.
The second and third generations of armyworms have an area of ​​60 million mu, which is moderately occurring. The northeast, north China, northwest, and Huanghuai areas can be heavier, and high-density concentration areas will occur in some areas. The area of ​​cotton bollworm occurred 90 million mu, and most of the Huanghuaihai and the northwestern part of the country occurred, and other areas occurred moderately. The area of ​​locusts is 80 million mu, and most of them occur in the northeast, northwest and Huanghuaihai areas. The Hummer area is 39 million mu, and most of the Huanghuaihai area occurs moderately, and southern Hebei and other parts are heavily biased. The area of ​​S. occidentalis is 47 million mu, and most of it occurs in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.
The area of ​​the genus Noctuidae is 13 million mu, and most of the Huanghuaihai area is lightly affected. In Hebei and Shandong provinces, high density is harmful to the field. The area of ​​leafhoppers is 27.5 million mu, and most of the northwestern regions are heavily affected. The area of ​​soil mites is 13.5 million mu, and the northeast, north, and northwest agro-pastoral areas occur moderately. The area of ​​underground pests is 98 million mu, which occurs in the northwest and most of the northeast. In the North China and Huanghuai areas, the three-pointed spider mites can cause certain damage in the northwest and Huanghuai areas.
(2) Diseases
The area of ​​large spot disease is 69 million mu, and the northeast, north, and southwest regions are moderately occurring. The area of ​​small spot disease is 38 million mu, which occurs in the Huanghuaihai and Southwest China. The area of ​​rust in the south is 43 million mu, and the southern part of Huanghuai is heavily heavier. Most of the Huanghuaihai and parts of the southwest occur moderately.
The area of ​​brown spot disease is 30 million mu, and most of the Huanghuaihai area occurs moderately. Curvularia leaf spot disease, tumor smut, head smut, rough disease, top rot, stem rot, ear rot, gray spot disease and nematode dwarf disease will cause certain damage in some areas.
Second, the basis of prediction
(1) The number of the armyworm, cotton bollworm and corn borer in some areas is high. 1. Myxos. In 2017, the overall damage of the three generations of armyworms was heavier than that of the previous year, and the number of effective insect sources was too high. According to the monitoring of high altitude survey lights in the late summer and early autumn of 2017, adult insects were induced in the northeast, north China, Huanghuai, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jiangnan, South China and Southwest China.
In September, the total number of insect traps was 6,155 in Jixian County, Hebei Province, 1,344 heads in Long Island, Shandong Province, and 385 heads in Fengxian, Shanghai, an increase of 6-10 times year-on-year. Liaoning Zhangwu, Shaanxi Xingping, Henan Mengzhou, Jiangsu Dongtai were 50-155 heads. Shanxi Wanrong, Hubei Qianjiang, Gansu Zhuanglang, Zhejiang Xiangshan, Guangxi Yizhou, Guangdong Jiaoling, Yunnan Fengqing 1-14, the amount of insects is higher than the previous year.
2. Corn glutinous rice: According to the survey of the base number before the winter of 2017, the average number of live worms, 99 in Heilongjiang, 37-50 in Jilin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi There are 16-30 heads in Hebei, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Shaanxi, and less than 10 in Beijing, Sichuan and Ningxia. Compared with the base number before winter in 2016, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Shandong increased by more than 30%, Yunnan increased by 27%, Shaanxi and Ningxia increased by 10%, Jiangsu and Tianjin increased by 3%-5%, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Guizhou fell by 20%-65%, and Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, and Jilin fell by 1%-19%.
3. Helicoverpa armigera: The number of cotton bollworms in the area was investigated before winter, and the worms were found in parts of Huanghuai, North China and Northwest China. The base number was higher in parts of North China. According to the survey in Hebei Province, the average acreage of corn, cotton and vegetable fields was 102, 61 and 45, respectively, an increase of 12%, 57% and 120%. In the first time in 2017, Alashan, Bayannaoer, Chifeng City, cotton, sunflower, sorghum, millet, peanut and corn fields in Inner Mongolia were found to be overwintering, and some cotton, millet and peanuts were found in each flag county of Alxa League. The number of acres in the Gaochuntian block is over 100.
4. Two-pointed moth: Five provinces (cities) in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Beijing saw the overwintering insect source before winter. The estimated area of ​​the insect source was 5.78 million mu, an increase of 13% over the previous year. The average number of insects per mu is 200 in Beijing, 133 in Jiangsu, 13-60 in Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei. The base of insects is close to 2016; the highest number of insects per acre, 1334 in Shunyi, Beijing, Shandong, China Gaotang and Shanxi Wanrong have 667 heads, 400 in Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, and 333 heads in Xingtai, Hebei Province. The high-density points are higher than the previous year.
5. Diseases: Corn diseases have occurred frequently in recent years. The distribution of bacterial sources in various places is wide. The ratio of straw returning area in Huanghuaihai and Northwest China is more than 90%. In Northeast China, straw returning technology is also promoted in recent years, which is conducive to large spot disease and small Accumulation of pathogens such as spot, brown spot, stem rot, tumor smut, and ear rot.
(2) Planting and cultivation measures are beneficial to the overall occurrence of pests and diseases
The main producing areas of northeast, north China and Huanghuai are planted annually, and most of them are large-scale continuous cropping. Measures such as close planting, no-tillage, and straw returning are generally adopted in various places, which is conducive to the accumulation and occurrence of corn diseases and insects. The main varieties in Northeast China and North China are generally poorly resistant to diseases such as brown spot and southern rust in the main spot varieties of large spot disease and Huanghuaihai. However, in recent years, the sowing of summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai area can effectively destroy the habitat of the two-pointed moth, which is unfavorable to its damage.
(3) Meteorological conditions in winter and spring are beneficial to wintering and occurrence of pests
According to the monitoring and prediction of the National Climate Center, in the winter of 2017, the temperatures in the northern part of South China, Jiangnan, Huanghuai, North China, the southeastern part and the northwestern part of the country are normal or high 0.5-2 °C, and the winters and populations of the insects, corn borer and other pests Reproduction is beneficial.
In the spring of 2018, the temperature in the southern part of Huanghuai and southern Xinjiang was 0.5-2 °C higher than normal. The precipitation in the northeastern part and the southwestern part of the country was more than normal, which was beneficial to the emergence and occurrence of corn borer in the above areas; Huanghuai, North China and The precipitation in most parts of the Northeast is normal or slightly less, which is conducive to the occurrence of the first generation of cotton bollworm in wheat and other crop fields, and has no obvious adverse effects on corn borer and armyworm. (Pawn and disease survey office feed)
This article URL: 2018 national corn pests and diseases occur more than the risk of relocation of multiple pests
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