The cultivation of soil caves is a pioneering initiative for the Zibo people to produce edible fungi. It has the characteristics of full use of resources, no land occupation, four-season cultivation, cool in winter and cool in summer, constant temperature, and moderate humidity. For this reason, Linzi District first launched the “New Technology Development Project for the Production of Edible Mushroomsâ€. Exploring the efficient cultivation pattern of “Dewhole double mushroom-garlic yellow-coprinus comatus†has achieved high social and economic benefits. In general, the cost of a soil cave about 50m in length is about 2,000 yuan, and the economic benefits from planting a trifoliate crop are more than 20,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are significant. The key technical measures are summarized as follows: I. Argentine arranging A. bisporus preparations in mid-August and mid-August, inoculations in mid-September, and mushrooming in mid- and late-October, and harvesting is completed in late November and early December. After the harvest of Agaricus bisporus was finished, garlic yellow was planted in the middle and late December, and the plant was planted in two dimensions, and the first crop was harvested on 20-25 days, and 2-3 crops could be harvested continuously. In the middle and middle of March of the following year, a pair of coprinus comatus was harvested and harvested in the middle and late May. Second, the standard soil cave hole requirements 50m long, 2.5m wide, 2m high. The hole should be straight. A buffer room should be built for the door. Generally, the length, width and height are each 3m. The front and rear doors are 1.8m high and 1.2m wide, so as to facilitate the convenience of feeding and discharging. Vents up and down vertical, lower diameter 1-2m, upper diameter 60-70cm, the total height of 6.5-7m, generally higher than the ground 1.5-2m. The top of the cave is semi-circular, and scaffolds can be placed inside the cave for multi-layer cultivation. Third, Agaricus cultivation technology points 1. Ecological environment conditions. The temperature is controlled at 14-18°C, the relative humidity of the air is 85%-90%, the water content of the cultivation material is 65%-70%, the moisture content of the cover soil is 18%-20%, and the optimum pH value is 7-7.5. The air in the cave should be ventilated at any time on the basis of ensuring the temperature and humidity. 2. The ratio of raw materials, processing. Same as the general cultivation method. 3. Preparation before inoculation. First of all, to do a good job of disinfection and sterilization of caves, per 100 square meters with dichlorvos 0.5kg, formaldehyde 1kg, 3-4 times the water on the stove fumigation or spray. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, the material was sterilized after 24 hours, and the well-fermented material was evenly spread on both sides of the hole. The material thickness was 20-25 cm, and the middle sidewalk was 40 cm wide. The material was flattened with a wooden board to prepare for inoculation. 4. Inoculation method. Layered broadcast. That is, 0.5-0.75kg per square meter of bacteria, first of which 2 / 3 of the bacteria evenly sprinkled on the surface of the material, and then mixed with bacteria into the material into the material, the remaining bacteria spread on the surface, slightly flip The material is tightly sealed and finally lapped with a wooden board. After 15-18 days of normal inoculation, more than 2/3 of the hyphae will be eaten. Most of the hyphae are close to the bottom of the culture material. At this time, the soil will begin to cover the soil, generally 3 to 4 cm thick. 5. Fruiting period management and harvesting. Soil hole planting Agaricus bisporus, water management should be in line with the principle of "deep spray, less spray mushroom dense spray, mushroom sparse spray early spray, late spray less" principle, and strengthen ventilation. Usually 35-40 days from inoculation to fruiting. When the mushroom grows to a diameter of 3-5cm, it must be timely harvested. Fourth, garlic yellow cultivation techniques points 1. Preparation before sowing and sowing methods. Firstly, 50% carbendazim and 90% trichlorfon 800 times were sprayed on the material surface of the agaricus mushroom for disinfection, and then the waste material was poured into the ground for production use. In the middle of the hole, leave 40cm for the sidewalk, use bamboo rafts on both sides, raise the height of 1m, and lay a thin layer of bamboo on the plane. Place plastic films on the ground and fine bamboo baskets, and spread the cultivated soil evenly over the plastic film at a thickness of 10-12 cm. This is the three-dimensional planting garlic-yellow pattern of farmers in the area, so that the plant can make full use of space. It is only twice as much income as ground garlic. Garlic seeds are prepared according to 12kg/m2. Garlic is covered with 3-4cm of fine sandy soil. Drench the water and do not make the bed area water. Then use fine sand to make up the gap so that the garlic is not exposed. 2. Management and harvest. The temperature inside the cave is generally maintained at 13-15°C, 20-25 days after planting, garlic yellow grows to 30cm or so, and the first crop is cut. When cutting, pay attention to the ground cut, but do not cut garlic. It can harvest 2-3% according to the yield, and can harvest 3% when the yield is high. After the harvest, the garlic seed and the soil were cleared out of the hole and 800 times of carbendazim solution was sprayed on the hole and the ground soil to prepare the coprinus comatus. Fifth, coprinus cultivation techniques 1. Ecological environment conditions. The optimum temperature of coprinus comatus mycelium growth is 22-28 °C, the optimum temperature for fruit body growth is 12-18 °C, and the temperature in March is still relatively low. Please note that the temperature of the nutrient used as a bed culture can be appropriately increased; Coprinus comatus is aerobic In the category, under the premise of ensuring temperature and humidity, ventilation should be strengthened as much as possible. The pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 7.5-8. 2. The ratio of raw materials, processing and bag making, germs. The same as the general cultivation method. 3. Inoculation method (1) Treatment of trampoline. The 40cm sidewalk is left in the middle, and the trampolines on both sides are 1m wide and dig 20cm deep, and then sprayed with 50% carbendazim 800 times to disinfect. (2) Inoculated bag does not cover soil. After the bag is taken out of the bag, it is laid horizontally into the treated trampoline. The distance between the bacteria bag is 3-4cm. The gap is filled with nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil with a thickness of 2-3cm is overlaid. Flood irrigation trampoline. 4. Mushroom management and harvesting. The temperature of the mushroom is controlled at 15-22°C, and the humidity is controlled at 85%-90%. When the temperature is high, the coprinus comatus grows fast and must be harvested in time. Otherwise, it will lose its commercial value. After the first tidal mushroom was harvested, the mushroom bed was cleared in time to remove dead mushrooms, mushroom roots and make up for the cover soil. The water was replenished after culturing for 3 to 5 days. After the second tidal mushroom is harvested, it can be sprayed 200 times with dulcemtin and glucose to increase the late yield. Afterwards, we will manage the same tide for the second time, and determine the end time based on the temperature and the growth of Coprinus comatus. China Agricultural Network Editor
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