Bao Lei is the highest quality of seafood, and it is delicious and nutritious. Hainan is located in the tropics with annual seawater temperature of 18~32°C and seawater salinity of 32~35. It is suitable for artificial breeding of Haliotis dirversicolor. According to the economic analysis of conventional variegated industrialized cultivation of abalone, the investment cost per m3 of water is 0.131 million yuan, the commodity price of bacheng is calculated at 100 to 120 yuan/kg, and the output per m3 of water is at least 0.18 million yuan. Ratio of 1:1.37, the economic benefits are more significant. The Hainan provincial government has decided to vigorously develop the colorless breeding industry in the next few years. 1 Biological characteristics of the variegated abalone The variegated genus Haliotis is a mollusk phylum, and is inhabited by seawater with high salinity and stability, high water transparency, water circulation, and rich seaweed; it mainly lives in the upper intertidal zone to a depth of 6m. . Bao is a “nocturnal†animal, usually hovering in the sea during the day and searching for food at night. The activity time is usually 2~3h after sunset and 2~3h before sunrise. Juvenile abalone and juvenile abdomen mainly ingested adherent diatoms, unicellular algae, small benthic organisms and tiny organic matter, and soft buds such as kelp, canola, wakame, and ginseng. When the shell is larger than 1.0cm, various types of seaweeds can be ingested; the abalone-forming foods are mainly brown algae and eat large algae such as red algae and diatoms. The survival temperature of variegated abalone is 9~32°C, the growth temperature is 18~28°C, the optimal growth temperature is 26~27°C, the optimal salinity is 32~34, pH7.8~8.4, the dissolved oxygen in seawater is more than 5mg/ L; its life history is mainly hatched into fertile larvae, larval larvae, and foot-differentiated larvae through fertilized eggs, and metamorphosis develops into young abalone, juvenile abalone and adult abalone. 2 Semi-automatic factory cultivation techniques The selected sea area of ​​the farm should have no pollution source, and the seawater density should not be lower than 1.016 kg/L throughout the year and should be kept above 1.020 kg/L. The water quality should be clear, the tide should be smooth, sandy or rock bottom, It is convenient to construct water lifting projects and have good conditions for avoiding wind and moisture. 2.1 Breeding equipment mainly includes cultivation ponds, breeding cages, bait cleaning pools, and cranes. The length and breadth of the rearing pond is 8.4m3.2m, and the depth is 1.8~2.0m. The bottom of the tank is inclined toward the outlet. The tank is provided with an inlet and outlet and a diffuser pipe. The bottom of the pool is filled with 17~20 inflatable tubes. 2.5~3.0m. Culture cage breeding cage for the attachment base, generally made of black hard plastic, specifications for the 0.4m0.3m0.1m, four mask holes, and has a movable door, the cage is equipped with 5 partitions, breeding cages stacked into bundles, each The bundle is a 13-layer cage, and 8 to 10 are bundled into a group with wooden boards, steel bars, etc. Each pool has 17 to 20 groups. Each group of cages is equipped with an inflatable tube; the stacking height of each cage is higher than the height of the culture pond. Low 20~30cm, the bottom culture cage is about 30~40cm from the bottom of the pool. Bait washing pool: mainly used for cleaning bait, the pool depth of 1 ~ 1.2m, from the bottom of the pool 20 ~ 30cm covered with plastic screen, the pool with a diffuse tube, drainage holes. Crane: It is mainly used to lift the breeding cage group. It is generally installed 3~4m above the culture tank and the power is 0.8kW. 2.2 Cultivating techniques 2.2.1 Seedlings for seedlings to be seeded: Normally select 2cm or so high-quality juvenile abalones to be placed. The identification of the quality of seedlings is mainly based on two aspects: First, the vigor of the seedlings of the high-quality seedlings has a strong luster, the growth pattern on the shells, the radiation ribs are clear, and there are no other attachments. After a few minutes into the sea water, it can reach out to the tentacles of the head and reach the next antennae in a short time; the second is to observe the shape, the quality seedlings are not deformed, and the shells are oval. 2.2.2 Delivery method Since artificially exfoliated abalone seedlings and abalone seedlings may cause damage to the abalone body during transportation, abalone seedlings may be treated with a certain concentration of antibiotic seawater solution before being basketed. 2.2.3 Feeding density Under normal circumstances, put 40 to 45 cages per m3 of water, and place 20 to 30 juvenile bowels about 2 cm per cage. Because the abalone is easily injured during the process of artificial movement into abalone, which may cause the death of abalone, no separate culture is conducted in the process of cultivation. 2.3 Cultivating management 2.3.1 Water quality management Maintaining good water quality is the key to success. The general flow of water culture, daily flow of water to reach 4 to 5 times the aquaculture water. Generally, the water exchange rate in the whole pond is changed from 3 to 4 days. In the high temperature period, the amount of water flow should be increased to shorten the time for water exchange, and the water quality factors in the culture pond should be measured and recorded. The water quality factor of Longpo Bao Experimental Base in Sanya is well controlled. The pH 8.2~8.3 and NH3 2.3.2 hygiene management is mainly to clean the aquaculture ponds. While flushing, the culture cage, the bottom of the pool and the surrounding dirt are washed with a water spray gun. , to reduce the amount of sponge animal, coelenterate and other attachments, to prevent these creatures from plugging the cage hole, to ensure the full exchange of water inside and outside the cage. Wash the aquaculture pond faster than ever before. Minimize abalone exposure time. The general cleaning operation takes about 40-50 minutes. 2.3.3 Feeding The main feeding method is to feed Ginger, eucheuma, and kelp. The amount of feeding varies depending on the size of abalone, water temperature, etc.; at the water temperature of 18-28°C, the daily feeding amount is about 10%-13% of the body weight of the abalone, which is fed once every 3 to 4 days; according to Bao The characteristics of the activities are generally carried out in the afternoon. Use a crane to lift the breeding cage out of the rearing pond and feed it. Before feeding, rinse the breeding cage with a water spray gun, remove the dead abalone and the remaining food, and then feed. Keep separate records of dead meat and meat-free dead meat to control the amount of appropriate drug treatment. If there is a large number of dead meat abalone, it should be promptly treated with drugs. The feeding time for each group was 10-15 minutes. 2.4 Disease Prevention and Control 2.4.1 Control of Pathogens Pathogens are the main cause of direct disease in abalone. The method of controlling pathogens is disinfection, such as disinfection of breeding ponds, disinfection of production tools, disinfection of breeding water, and environmental disinfection. 2.4.2 Using beneficial bacteria to regulate the ecological environment Efficient microbial agents, nitrifying bacteria and other beneficial bacteria are put into the culture ponds. Such beneficial bacteria can consume ammonia and H2S and other harmful substances in the water and sediment, improve the ecological environment, and enhance Bao’s The body's resistance to disease reduces the occurrence of abalone disease. 2.4.3 Regular use of drug prevention and control Regularly use low concentrations of antibiotics (such as oxytetracycline) for disease control, especially at the peak of bowel death (from April to May, September to October) to increase the dose, antibiotics The general dosage of the drug is 1~3mg/L, and the specific use concentration should be determined according to the culture conditions.
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