1. Breeding of cages for cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus is still at the stage of technological development. Cage culture is suitable for large-scale water bodies. The main advantage is that water flows through the mesh and forms a living water environment inside the box. As a result, the water is fresh, the oxygen is rich, and high-density intensive culture can be carried out. The main breeding techniques are as follows:
The cage area is preferably about 20 square meters. The net length is 5m, width is 4m, and height is 1m. The water part is 40cm and the underwater part is 60cm. The quality of the network is better, the mesh should be denser, and the network strips must be tight. The cage is set in a pond with a water depth of 0.8m or more. The newly made cages should be put into the water for 35 days until the harmful substances emitted by the cages disappear. A few days before stocking, the water quality should be properly cultivated to make the water more concentrated and the transparency should be about 15cm. This can control or reduce the invasion of leeches in the pond by the leeches. The cages can be placed side by side in the pond, and two rows of cages are provided with bamboo frames for walking and feeding management. The setting area of ​​cages should not exceed 50% of the total pond area, otherwise it may cause water quality deterioration. In the cage, water plants are placed, preferably water peanuts, covering an area of ​​90-95% of the area of ​​the cage, providing a good environment for the growth of the aphids.
Due to the habit of mutual cannibalism, it is advisable that the stocks are basically the same size when stocking. In general, 20 kg of oysters can be stocked per square meter, and 400 kg of fish are stocked in each cage.
It is difficult for Astragalus to use one kind of feed to change habits and then eat another feed. Therefore, it is necessary to fix several feeds, such as quail, small fish, quail meat, or animal internal organs, to increase its growth rate. Live feed can be provided when conditions permit, because of its high utilization rate, no need to remove the residual bait, less pollution to the cage, which is conducive to the growth of Astragalus.
The most critical stage of cage culture in Astragalus membranaceus is within one month after stocking. This period is the process in which Huang Huan changed his habits and adapted to the new environment. If the method is proper, the survival rate of the species can reach 90% or more. If the method is improper, the survival rate is sometimes below 30% or even all of them are dead. This month is the key to the success or failure of cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus. Apart from disinfection and domestication of aphid species, it should also effectively control the occurrence of diseases. The specific method is to disinfect pathogens by alternately disinfecting with water-based disinfectants and lime. produce.
2. The Huanghe plastic greenhouse can be cultured in a conventional pond without landless water. It is prone to diseases and hibernating hibernation affects the annual cultivation. Cultivation of astragalus in a plastic greenhouse can be continuously produced throughout the year. Soilless aquaculture can effectively control diseases and increase the benefits exponentially.
The optimum growth temperature for Astragalus is 27°C to 30°C. With plastic greenhouses, no special heating equipment is required. This temperature is easily maintained in spring, summer and autumn sheds. Even in cold winters, the average temperature in the shed can reach 20°C.
Micro-flowing water is maintained in the rearing pond and water quality will not deteriorate.
There are two main methods for soilless aquaculture in plastic greenhouses:
(1) Open style. Suitable for years of pools with warm water. The advantage is that the flow rate is stable and suitable for larger-scale operations. The rearing pond is made of brick and cement. The area of ​​each pond is 10 to 20 square meters, the depth of the pond is 40 centimeters, the width is 1 to 2 meters, and the pond width is 20 to 40 centimeters. In the relative position of the pool, two inlet pipes and two drain pipes each having a diameter of 3 to 4 cm are provided. The height of the inlet pipe and the bottom of the pool; the height of the drainage pipe is equal to the bottom of the pool, and the height of the drainage pipe is 5 cm above the bottom of the pool. Inlet and outlet pipes are equipped with metal mesh to prevent escape. Arrange several tanks side by side into one unit, preferably no more than 500 square meters per unit area.
(2) Closed loop filter type. Suitable for use in big cities or where water is scarce. The advantage is that the water for rearing can be reused, the water consumption is less, and the temperature is easy to control, but the investment is slightly larger. The construction method of the rearing pond is the same as the open style. In addition, it is necessary to build aeration tanks, sedimentation tanks, add some water purification equipment, pumping equipment and heating equipment.
The construction of plastic sheds is the same as ordinary sheds. It is better to place each unit in the same shed so that it can be easily managed.
Adopting a plastic greenhouse without land-flowing water to raise this breeding method, due to clear water quality, as long as the feed is sufficient, jaundice generally does not escape. But be careful to prevent natural enemies such as rats and snakes from harming. After rearing for a period of time, the size and size of the jaundice in the same pond are uneven, and they should be kept separately in time.
3. The cultivation of rice fields in the field of rice fields using rice paddies is a cost-effective and easy-to-manage operation. Rice production and rice production are also an effective way for farmers to get rich and increase their income.
The selection of paddy fields and the requirement to raise paddy fields in paddy rice should select fields with good water retention performance, low topography, and convenient drainage.
One is to raise the height of the field ridges to achieve water leakage; the Other is to dig a set of sloping trenches in and out of the block, with a width of 5m and a depth of 1m. Another “+†or “well†type ditch is excavated in the middle of the block. , 50 cm wide, 30 cm deep, and connected with the surrounding ring groove; The third is to do a good job in the drainage system, and in the water inlet and outlet installation of a solid bar to prevent fish escape.
The seedlings were planted in one time in the middle or late April. When the fish were stocked, they were soaked with 3% - 4% saline for 10 minutes to prevent epidermal abrasion and to kill the aquatic mold and surface parasites.
Feeding and management First, the feeding of feeds is well done. Huangqi is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal foods. While preying on the natural food in the paddy field, depending on the eating and feeding conditions, feeds such as pig blood and small fish and shrimp are properly fed to meet the needs of their dietary growth; secondly, water quality management is well maintained, the paddy field water level is normally maintained at about 10cm, and periodical additions are made. Note the new water, the general early 3 to 5 days after the new water injection, fresh water every day in the hot summer day, each time the water depth of 3 to 5 cm, to prevent hypoxia; the third is to prevent and treat diseases on a regular basis, each After half a month, quicklime or bleaching powder is used to spit around the ditch, and regular use of furazolidone or fish blood and other internal medicines is used for feeding to prevent enteritis and other diseases.
After catching and overwintering, the species of carp that have a tail weight of about 50 grams are put into use. After more than 5 months of feeding and management, the specifications generally have a tail weight of about 150 grams and a large one of more than 200 grams. The method of catching and catching is relatively simple. In the early stage, bait can be woven with bamboo crickets, and the bait can be trapped and put in cages in the early evening. The fish can be collected and collected in the early morning of the next day. After entering the winter, there is a habit of latent caves and shallow water silt or aquatic weeds. If they are to be taken, they will be cleared first, then the water level will be increased, a hole will be introduced and the water will be captured. If the field is overwintering, it can be safely overwintering by maintaining a certain depth or humidity in the ring for a week, or by adding a layer of soft grass to the surface of the layer.
Controlling gender control of fish sex is an effective way to increase production. The use of sex hormones in general can induce the sex of the jaundice to develop in the direction that people want.
Treatment of stingray seedlings with the male hormone methyltestosterone yields more than 99% of male fish. After treatment, the fish has a single sex, a fixed density, not only rapid growth, but also low cost, and generally can increase production by about 30%.
The technique of controlling gender has been developed abroad for many years, and the technology is very mature. However, in China, the technology only stays at the laboratory level, there is no report on production, and the country's corresponding standards have not been perfected.
Precautions
1, the choice of seed: must choose physical fitness without injury, swimming lively, neat specifications, muscle hypertrophy, body surface without parasites, body color is bright yellow. It is not recommended to stock up on those with white, broken skin, broken tails, and scars on the surface of the body.
2. Preparation before stocking: After the water is sterilized by the yellow lotus pond, it can be served when the water temperature is above 15°C. Before stocking, they should be soaked with 10ppm bleaching powder or 3%-4% saline for 15-20 minutes to kill their surface pathogens.
3, disease prevention and treatment: (1) "cold" disease. The temperature difference between the original water and the new water is too large. As long as the water temperature is adjusted to make it stable, it can prevent and treat the disease. (2) Capillary nematode disease. Parasitized in the body of salmon, causing fish to lose weight and death, accompanied by edema, anal swelling. For every kilogram of Astragalus, use 90% crystals of Trichlorfon 0.1 g, stir in the feed and feed for 6 consecutive days. (3) Plum spot. Carcasses have bean-sized spots of sore spots at the size of soybeans. (4) Due to the high density of cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus, when the feed is insufficient, they will bite each other and infect the mold, and grow white hair on the body surface. The diseased fish will die due to loss of appetite. The treatment is to use salt water and baking soda mixture. In the case of ample feed, this phenomenon is not only avoided, but even if there is a large difference in the size of the stocks that are stocked in the same cage, there will be no mutual food. (5) The feeds fed in cage culture should be fresh and cannot be fed with deteriorating feed. Some of the remaining stinky feeds in the cages should be promptly removed, otherwise they will easily cause enteritis. Treatments can be taken internally with sulfonamides, furans, or garlic. Before feeding, feed should be washed and soaked in 200ppm potassium permanganate for 3 minutes, then rinsed with fresh water before feeding. If artificial compound feed is used, the protein content must reach 45% or more, and the maggot pulp is used for domestication and induction to achieve good results. (6) In the course of fishing, transportation and stocking, the species should be avoided as far as possible to prevent scratches to prevent the invading of red skin disease. The symptoms are body surface bleeding and inflammation. The abdomen and sides are the most obvious, showing a blocky shape. Disinfection combined with medication and external medicine. Preventive methods: When the stocking is strictly sterilized, the specific method is to add 50ml of aquatic product seedling disinfectant in 100kg water for 30 minutes, or to dip in 8% iodine-containing salt water for 10 minutes, and then put in clean water for a period of one hour. After washing it again, it can be placed in the box.
In addition, the water body should be sterilized frequently. Disinfection can be quicklime, the amount of 100 ~ 150 g / cubic meter malachite green (CuSO4), the amount of 0.7 grams / cubic meter, bleach, the amount of 10 grams / cubic meter.
4. When cages of cages are placed in containers at high density, the body surface accumulates more mucus through the decomposition of microorganisms in the water, which quickly consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water and causes the death of fleas. After being put into cages, the species will sometimes be entangled with each other, and sometimes more than 100 kilos of species are entangled and cause a great deal of death.
The cage area is preferably about 20 square meters. The net length is 5m, width is 4m, and height is 1m. The water part is 40cm and the underwater part is 60cm. The quality of the network is better, the mesh should be denser, and the network strips must be tight. The cage is set in a pond with a water depth of 0.8m or more. The newly made cages should be put into the water for 35 days until the harmful substances emitted by the cages disappear. A few days before stocking, the water quality should be properly cultivated to make the water more concentrated and the transparency should be about 15cm. This can control or reduce the invasion of leeches in the pond by the leeches. The cages can be placed side by side in the pond, and two rows of cages are provided with bamboo frames for walking and feeding management. The setting area of ​​cages should not exceed 50% of the total pond area, otherwise it may cause water quality deterioration. In the cage, water plants are placed, preferably water peanuts, covering an area of ​​90-95% of the area of ​​the cage, providing a good environment for the growth of the aphids.
Due to the habit of mutual cannibalism, it is advisable that the stocks are basically the same size when stocking. In general, 20 kg of oysters can be stocked per square meter, and 400 kg of fish are stocked in each cage.
It is difficult for Astragalus to use one kind of feed to change habits and then eat another feed. Therefore, it is necessary to fix several feeds, such as quail, small fish, quail meat, or animal internal organs, to increase its growth rate. Live feed can be provided when conditions permit, because of its high utilization rate, no need to remove the residual bait, less pollution to the cage, which is conducive to the growth of Astragalus.
The most critical stage of cage culture in Astragalus membranaceus is within one month after stocking. This period is the process in which Huang Huan changed his habits and adapted to the new environment. If the method is proper, the survival rate of the species can reach 90% or more. If the method is improper, the survival rate is sometimes below 30% or even all of them are dead. This month is the key to the success or failure of cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus. Apart from disinfection and domestication of aphid species, it should also effectively control the occurrence of diseases. The specific method is to disinfect pathogens by alternately disinfecting with water-based disinfectants and lime. produce.
2. The Huanghe plastic greenhouse can be cultured in a conventional pond without landless water. It is prone to diseases and hibernating hibernation affects the annual cultivation. Cultivation of astragalus in a plastic greenhouse can be continuously produced throughout the year. Soilless aquaculture can effectively control diseases and increase the benefits exponentially.
The optimum growth temperature for Astragalus is 27°C to 30°C. With plastic greenhouses, no special heating equipment is required. This temperature is easily maintained in spring, summer and autumn sheds. Even in cold winters, the average temperature in the shed can reach 20°C.
Micro-flowing water is maintained in the rearing pond and water quality will not deteriorate.
There are two main methods for soilless aquaculture in plastic greenhouses:
(1) Open style. Suitable for years of pools with warm water. The advantage is that the flow rate is stable and suitable for larger-scale operations. The rearing pond is made of brick and cement. The area of ​​each pond is 10 to 20 square meters, the depth of the pond is 40 centimeters, the width is 1 to 2 meters, and the pond width is 20 to 40 centimeters. In the relative position of the pool, two inlet pipes and two drain pipes each having a diameter of 3 to 4 cm are provided. The height of the inlet pipe and the bottom of the pool; the height of the drainage pipe is equal to the bottom of the pool, and the height of the drainage pipe is 5 cm above the bottom of the pool. Inlet and outlet pipes are equipped with metal mesh to prevent escape. Arrange several tanks side by side into one unit, preferably no more than 500 square meters per unit area.
(2) Closed loop filter type. Suitable for use in big cities or where water is scarce. The advantage is that the water for rearing can be reused, the water consumption is less, and the temperature is easy to control, but the investment is slightly larger. The construction method of the rearing pond is the same as the open style. In addition, it is necessary to build aeration tanks, sedimentation tanks, add some water purification equipment, pumping equipment and heating equipment.
The construction of plastic sheds is the same as ordinary sheds. It is better to place each unit in the same shed so that it can be easily managed.
Adopting a plastic greenhouse without land-flowing water to raise this breeding method, due to clear water quality, as long as the feed is sufficient, jaundice generally does not escape. But be careful to prevent natural enemies such as rats and snakes from harming. After rearing for a period of time, the size and size of the jaundice in the same pond are uneven, and they should be kept separately in time.
3. The cultivation of rice fields in the field of rice fields using rice paddies is a cost-effective and easy-to-manage operation. Rice production and rice production are also an effective way for farmers to get rich and increase their income.
The selection of paddy fields and the requirement to raise paddy fields in paddy rice should select fields with good water retention performance, low topography, and convenient drainage.
One is to raise the height of the field ridges to achieve water leakage; the Other is to dig a set of sloping trenches in and out of the block, with a width of 5m and a depth of 1m. Another “+†or “well†type ditch is excavated in the middle of the block. , 50 cm wide, 30 cm deep, and connected with the surrounding ring groove; The third is to do a good job in the drainage system, and in the water inlet and outlet installation of a solid bar to prevent fish escape.
The seedlings were planted in one time in the middle or late April. When the fish were stocked, they were soaked with 3% - 4% saline for 10 minutes to prevent epidermal abrasion and to kill the aquatic mold and surface parasites.
Feeding and management First, the feeding of feeds is well done. Huangqi is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal foods. While preying on the natural food in the paddy field, depending on the eating and feeding conditions, feeds such as pig blood and small fish and shrimp are properly fed to meet the needs of their dietary growth; secondly, water quality management is well maintained, the paddy field water level is normally maintained at about 10cm, and periodical additions are made. Note the new water, the general early 3 to 5 days after the new water injection, fresh water every day in the hot summer day, each time the water depth of 3 to 5 cm, to prevent hypoxia; the third is to prevent and treat diseases on a regular basis, each After half a month, quicklime or bleaching powder is used to spit around the ditch, and regular use of furazolidone or fish blood and other internal medicines is used for feeding to prevent enteritis and other diseases.
After catching and overwintering, the species of carp that have a tail weight of about 50 grams are put into use. After more than 5 months of feeding and management, the specifications generally have a tail weight of about 150 grams and a large one of more than 200 grams. The method of catching and catching is relatively simple. In the early stage, bait can be woven with bamboo crickets, and the bait can be trapped and put in cages in the early evening. The fish can be collected and collected in the early morning of the next day. After entering the winter, there is a habit of latent caves and shallow water silt or aquatic weeds. If they are to be taken, they will be cleared first, then the water level will be increased, a hole will be introduced and the water will be captured. If the field is overwintering, it can be safely overwintering by maintaining a certain depth or humidity in the ring for a week, or by adding a layer of soft grass to the surface of the layer.
Controlling gender control of fish sex is an effective way to increase production. The use of sex hormones in general can induce the sex of the jaundice to develop in the direction that people want.
Treatment of stingray seedlings with the male hormone methyltestosterone yields more than 99% of male fish. After treatment, the fish has a single sex, a fixed density, not only rapid growth, but also low cost, and generally can increase production by about 30%.
The technique of controlling gender has been developed abroad for many years, and the technology is very mature. However, in China, the technology only stays at the laboratory level, there is no report on production, and the country's corresponding standards have not been perfected.
Precautions
1, the choice of seed: must choose physical fitness without injury, swimming lively, neat specifications, muscle hypertrophy, body surface without parasites, body color is bright yellow. It is not recommended to stock up on those with white, broken skin, broken tails, and scars on the surface of the body.
2. Preparation before stocking: After the water is sterilized by the yellow lotus pond, it can be served when the water temperature is above 15°C. Before stocking, they should be soaked with 10ppm bleaching powder or 3%-4% saline for 15-20 minutes to kill their surface pathogens.
3, disease prevention and treatment: (1) "cold" disease. The temperature difference between the original water and the new water is too large. As long as the water temperature is adjusted to make it stable, it can prevent and treat the disease. (2) Capillary nematode disease. Parasitized in the body of salmon, causing fish to lose weight and death, accompanied by edema, anal swelling. For every kilogram of Astragalus, use 90% crystals of Trichlorfon 0.1 g, stir in the feed and feed for 6 consecutive days. (3) Plum spot. Carcasses have bean-sized spots of sore spots at the size of soybeans. (4) Due to the high density of cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus, when the feed is insufficient, they will bite each other and infect the mold, and grow white hair on the body surface. The diseased fish will die due to loss of appetite. The treatment is to use salt water and baking soda mixture. In the case of ample feed, this phenomenon is not only avoided, but even if there is a large difference in the size of the stocks that are stocked in the same cage, there will be no mutual food. (5) The feeds fed in cage culture should be fresh and cannot be fed with deteriorating feed. Some of the remaining stinky feeds in the cages should be promptly removed, otherwise they will easily cause enteritis. Treatments can be taken internally with sulfonamides, furans, or garlic. Before feeding, feed should be washed and soaked in 200ppm potassium permanganate for 3 minutes, then rinsed with fresh water before feeding. If artificial compound feed is used, the protein content must reach 45% or more, and the maggot pulp is used for domestication and induction to achieve good results. (6) In the course of fishing, transportation and stocking, the species should be avoided as far as possible to prevent scratches to prevent the invading of red skin disease. The symptoms are body surface bleeding and inflammation. The abdomen and sides are the most obvious, showing a blocky shape. Disinfection combined with medication and external medicine. Preventive methods: When the stocking is strictly sterilized, the specific method is to add 50ml of aquatic product seedling disinfectant in 100kg water for 30 minutes, or to dip in 8% iodine-containing salt water for 10 minutes, and then put in clean water for a period of one hour. After washing it again, it can be placed in the box.
In addition, the water body should be sterilized frequently. Disinfection can be quicklime, the amount of 100 ~ 150 g / cubic meter malachite green (CuSO4), the amount of 0.7 grams / cubic meter, bleach, the amount of 10 grams / cubic meter.
4. When cages of cages are placed in containers at high density, the body surface accumulates more mucus through the decomposition of microorganisms in the water, which quickly consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water and causes the death of fleas. After being put into cages, the species will sometimes be entangled with each other, and sometimes more than 100 kilos of species are entangled and cause a great deal of death.
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