I. Planting excellent virus-free disease-resistant seedlings. In accordance with local conditions, strong seedlings that are resistant to disease, resistance, and high yield, which are resistant to disease, resistance, and high yield, should be selected to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests in fruit trees, reduce the dependence on pesticides, and reduce chemical resistance. frequency. In addition, when some fruit trees are planted together, they will create favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and pests. These varieties should be avoided. Such as apples, pears, peaches should not be mixed, apple and pear production areas of urban and rural greening, should not be planting cypress. Second, the use of agricultural cultivation and management measures to prevent pests. The first is to effectively strengthen orchard soil fertility management, through the orchard grass pressure green manure, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer, expand the hole to improve the soil, rational drainage and irrigation and other tree-enhancing cultivation measures, enhance the tree to rot, The resistance of diseases such as rosy rot and spotted defoliation diseases deteriorates the nutritional conditions of herbivorous locusts, aphids, and ticks, and reduces the harm of sucking pests. The second is fine pruning, cutting pests, dead branches, and culprits in time. Over dense branches. By pruning and adjusting a reasonable tree structure, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree are improved to reduce the damage of spotted deciduous disease, ring rot disease, leafhoppers and aphids; Thirdly, strict flowering and fruit thinning, bagging, and control of pests and diseases . By sparsely flowering and fruiting, the tree body can be reasonably loaded, not only can balance and maintain a robust tree vigor, but also improve the resistance of the tree to pests and diseases and tolerance to diseases, and it also destroys the living environment of leaf roller insects, and obviously reduces the damage. In addition, technical measures such as clearing the garden in winter, scraping bark, shaving the trees, and manually catching should be taken to effectively reduce pests and diseases. Third, the use of economic and effective physical measures to eliminate pests. Use pests to strongly eliminate certain substances or conditions and use physical and mechanical measures to eliminate them. Such as the use of sexual attractants to kill Peach heartworm, apple leaf roller moth, gold moth, etc., the use of lights (such as Jiaduo vibration type insecticidal lamp) to kill a variety of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera adults, trunk Sedula seduce a variety of Fruit tree pests, etc. Fourth, vigorously promote biological control technology to eliminate pests and diseases. 1. Protect and use natural enemies of pests. Many pests have their own natural enemies, such as grasshoppers, florets, and ladybugs, which are the natural enemies of crickets, aphids, and crickets. Trichogramma can control apple leaf curl insects, pear borer worms, etc. The natural enemies, Sunbees feed on apple millet. In order to give full play to the role of natural enemies, the types of drugs should be strictly controlled during the occurrence of natural enemies, and no drugs or drugs should be used to avoid killing natural enemies. At the same time, pastures and honey plants (such as alfalfa, etc.) are planted between the orchards to attract predatory natural enemies, or Artificial feeding releases and introduces natural enemies, increasing the number of natural enemies and restoring their self-control capabilities. 2. Application of biological pesticides, including microbial pesticides, Animal pesticides, and plant-derived pesticides. After the application of biological pesticides without pollution, no residue, is a pollution-free pesticide. The current biopesticides applicable to fruit trees are mainly agricultural antibiotics 120, polyoxorubicin, clobetane, 9281, Liuyangmycin, Beauveria bassiana, BT, avermectin, pyrethrum, matrine, nicotine, Diflubenzuron No. 3, Kang Wei Wei, etc. Such as 10% polymyxin WP can effectively control the disease of spotted deciduous disease, mold heart disease, etc., agricultural anti-120 600 times liquid can prevent anthrax, 200 times smear disease can treat rot, 1% bovine water The agent (Ke Xi Kang) 600 times liquid to prevent and treat ring spines disease, and can cure other diseases, 9281 can effectively treat rot disease; 1.8% avermectin 4000 times to 5000 times liquid can control leafhoppers, aphids, gold lines Fine insects and other pests, 10% Liuyangmycin EC 800 times can control leafhoppers, Beauveria bassiana can effectively prevent peach fruit borer, BT control apple leaf roller moth, peach borer, cotton bollworm, moth and other lepidoptera Seedling tree pests, good results, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution 800 times control aphid control effect of 95%. Fifth, the use of mineral pesticides to control pests. Sulfur and copper preparations in mineral-origin pesticides can be used in production. Such as lime sulfur mixture is commonly used in orchards with bactericidal, insecticidal and acaricidal effects of the agent, the fruit dormant period spraying concentration of Baume 3 degrees to 5 degrees, the growth season spray concentration of Baume 0.1 degrees to 0.5 degrees, Bordeaux mixture can be The prevention of many diseases on fruit trees also has repellent and ovicidal activities against many pests. Generally, they are sprayed at the late growth stage of fruit trees, which can play a very good role in protecting the leaves. Six, safe and rational use of chemical pesticides to control pests. (1) Guidelines for the production of pollution-free pesticides. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and high residue pesticides such as monocrotophos, methamidophos, omethoate, dicofol, or Formamide, etc.; use of moderately toxic pesticides such as chlorphenirone, fenpropathrin, beta-cypermethrin (Kung Fu), etc., such pesticides are generally allowed to be sprayed only once during the growth period of fruit trees; low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides such as imidacloprid, triflumuron, motharoxime, triazotin, Dasheng, Fuxing, Yibao, Pike, mancozebite, etc. (2) Use pesticides safely in accordance with pesticide intervals. The vast majority of pesticide species have a shelf life, and they must be used strictly in accordance with the instructions. At the same time, it is forbidden to use chemical pesticides 20 to 30 days before fruit harvesting to ensure that the pesticides in fruits do not have residues, or that there are small amounts of residues but do not exceed the standards. (3) Improve spray technology. Pay attention to proper spraying, strictly control the area, number, and concentration of pesticide application, and formulate a comprehensive plan for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in orchards based on the rules of the occurrence of diseases and pests in the local fruit trees, and combine disease and pest forecasting. Can not be ruled to cure, prevent and cure once effective not to spray many times, to minimize the application of chemical pesticides. China Agricultural Network Editor
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