The use of boilers and plastic film greenhouses to warm up and raise the shrimps of Macrobrachium praecox in advance so that it can be used in the morning market has become an important measure to increase the production and efficiency of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. However, due to the limitation of farming conditions or farmers' lack of knowledge of farming techniques, many farmers each year suffer from turning pools, floating heads, or serious diseases during the cultivation of juveniles in greenhouses, which results in great losses in aquaculture production. Based on my own production experience and combined with actual production conditions, the author summarizes the techniques for raising the temperature of boilers and plastic film greenhouses to cultivate Macrobrachium rosenbergii juvenile shrimp.
1 The drug clear pond should be used to clean the entire pond before the greenhouse is built, because if the shrimp enters the greenhouse and then clears the pond, the medicine will have an impact on the shrimp in the greenhouse, especially the difficulty in using the water in the greenhouse after clear ponds. Cause serious inconvenience.
The clear pond methods include: tea pheasant clear pond (40kg/mu rice), sodium pentachlorophenate clear pond (2kg/mu rice), quicklime clear pond (125kg/mu rice). For ponds with more predators such as whole shrimp, use dipterex (1Lg/mu, m) or enemy kill (0.02kg/mu. m) in advance to clear the pond once. If you want to discharge the pool water after the clear pond, you must set a denser fishing net at the outlet, and it is strictly forbidden for the wild fish to backwater into the shrimp pond.
2 Greenhouses should be built in sheds that are leeward and near water sources. Most of the greenhouses are east-west direction, and the pool mouth is 6m wide, 1m deep, and the slope ratio is 1:2. The length is set with the number of seedlings. In the middle of the greenhouse, horizontal separation is required. Half of the greenhouses can be heated by boilers and used early in the nursery; half of them are naturally warmed by the sun and used to change the water to warm up the pool; the interval can be opened to allow the young shrimp to reach the full shed, and the sheds can also be diluted. The purpose of breeding. The structure of the greenhouse must be solid, the plastic film should use a rope net, and the ditch must be well-prepared to have a certain resistance to wind and rain in order to prevent severe weather.
3 After the basal big shed has been built, a good basal fertilizer should be given one week before the larvae are stocked and the water should be poured (60-80cm). While the temperature of the water in the shed increased, plankton bloomed. When the number of zooplankton reached a peak, stocking shrimp was the best. Basal fertilizer is best fermented and disinfected organic fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is determined according to the sediment and soil quality of the pond. Bottom fertilizer can be applied less, the substrate is thin, and the soil quality is poor. Under normal circumstances, 1 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per square meter, and a certain amount of special fertilizer for shrimps and crabs ("Fei Yu Bao" I and II) is applied depending on the condition of the water.
4 Boilers and oxygen-increasing equipment The boilers used to increase the temperature in greenhouses generally have a water capacity of about 400kg. They are equipped with a 350W single-phase pipeline pump and are heated with plastic reinforcement tubes. From the use of results, in the galvanized steel pipe (20m or so) indirectly in the plastic reinforced pipe, can speed up the heat transfer, better heating effect, can save coal, save electricity. Oxygen supply equipment is generally an air compressor (air pump) with aerated gas. A 300m2 greenhouse is equipped with a 0.75KW air pump. Larger greenhouses can be equipped with a 1.1KW air pump. The pipes are supplied with plastic reinforcement pipes and connected with aerosol stone using a hose. Generally, aerated stone is set every 5m2. One, after the pool of shrimp, people should keep inflating.
5 Transplantation of aquatic plants Because of the benthic attachment of Macrobrachium praecox and the habit of mutual food, the survival rate of juveniles was increased.
Need to set up shelters in the greenhouse for young shrimp to inhabit. Practice has shown that aquatic plants are the best concealment. Not only can they be inhabited by juvenile shrimp, but young shoots can also be used to feed juvenile shrimp. Other artificial concealed materials are prone to adsorbing dirt in the water, making it difficult to clean, while aquatic plants do not have such defects. In the early spring, some plants just sprouted, and they could find the roots of Fancao or Malayzhuzi in ditches and ponds, wrap them in silt, and wrap them in plastic film to make them sink into the pool bottom. Due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, plants quickly grow.
6 shrimp stocking under normal conditions, the water temperature can be stable at 20 °C can be put seedlings, but the temperature of the greenhouse with a boiler, the shrimp in the next four days before the pool to ignite temperature, the shed temperature rose to 24 °C, the stocking shrimp The most suitable seedlings. Shrimp seedlings are stocked at a rate of 40,000 to 50,000 per acre, and the stocking densities in the greenhouses are 2000 to 40,000 tails/m2. The density in the early stages may be a little higher. With the growth of the young shrimps, it must be diversified and reared. The stocked shrimps should be completely diluted and their physique is robust, with a size of 0.8 cm or more. The quality of shrimp seedlings is the key to high yield and high efficiency. A small amount of shrimp seedlings should be used to test the water one day before stocking, so as to prevent the toxicity of clear ponds or disinfectants from disappearing.
7 greenhouse management
7.1 Temperature management Early spring changes in the air, large temperature difference between day and night, at night and rainy days to step up temperature, sunny noon can be closed furnace, to make the water temperature in the greenhouse stable at 26 °C -28 °C, the temperature difference between day and night does not exceed 2 °C. After mid-April, the weather has gradually warmed up, and heating can be stopped, and ventilation can be properly opened at noon. After entering in May, except for the rainy days and evenings to cover the greenhouses, the plastic film can be properly lifted during the day to increase the ventilation of the greenhouse and prevent the pool water from being overheated.
7.2 Feed Management When shrimps enter the shed, in addition to preying on natural bait (plankton), artificial baits are also fed. In the early stage, egg pupa and puffer fish are mainly used. Add some powdered feed and gradually transition to fully fed compound feed. Do not give too much feeding too much, or a lot of high-protein residual bait in the bottom of the fermentation decomposition, the formation of toxic gases can easily cause juvenile shrimp floating head.
7.3 Water Quality Management In the early stage of shrimp ponds, pond water is yellow-green, and the transparency is about 30cm. The food organisms in the pool are abundant. With the growth of shrimps, the amount of bait is continuously increasing, and the amount of residual food is also increasing. With the decomposition of the residual bait and the metabolism of the living creatures in the pool, the pool water will become fatter. At this time, it is necessary to add water and change water. When adding or changing the water, pay attention to changes in the temperature difference. Use the water in the preheating tank to add or change water, which can reduce the temperature difference. In some sandy soil ponds with thinner sediments, over time, due to the adsorption and leakage of sediment, the pond water not only does not turn fertilizer, but gradually becomes clear. At this time, it is necessary to immediately top-dress the fat fish. In the late period of greenhouse rearing, it is necessary to control the pool water fertility. When changing the water, it is necessary to grasp the scale, and the water exchange volume can not be too large. The temperature difference can not be too large, otherwise it will cause the young shrimp stress response, and the effect is counter-productive. For greenhouses where the pool water is relatively fat and large amounts of water are changed, it is inconvenient to use biological agents to regulate the water quality.
8 Juvenile prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultivated in a greenhouse for more than 60 days, with an average size of about 3 cm. When the minimum temperature in the outside world is stable above 20°C, the greenhouses must be demolished in a timely manner and the water should be released. When you are stocking, you have to pull the nets to get a good idea. The number of operations should be light, try to avoid artificial damage to juvenile shrimp, to prevent the occurrence of oxygen shortage in juvenile shrimp. Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of raising larvae in boiler plastic film greenhouses is about 60%, and that of juveniles is generally 20,000-2.5 million.
Source: Aquaculture Author: Ma Jian Club
1 The drug clear pond should be used to clean the entire pond before the greenhouse is built, because if the shrimp enters the greenhouse and then clears the pond, the medicine will have an impact on the shrimp in the greenhouse, especially the difficulty in using the water in the greenhouse after clear ponds. Cause serious inconvenience.
The clear pond methods include: tea pheasant clear pond (40kg/mu rice), sodium pentachlorophenate clear pond (2kg/mu rice), quicklime clear pond (125kg/mu rice). For ponds with more predators such as whole shrimp, use dipterex (1Lg/mu, m) or enemy kill (0.02kg/mu. m) in advance to clear the pond once. If you want to discharge the pool water after the clear pond, you must set a denser fishing net at the outlet, and it is strictly forbidden for the wild fish to backwater into the shrimp pond.
2 Greenhouses should be built in sheds that are leeward and near water sources. Most of the greenhouses are east-west direction, and the pool mouth is 6m wide, 1m deep, and the slope ratio is 1:2. The length is set with the number of seedlings. In the middle of the greenhouse, horizontal separation is required. Half of the greenhouses can be heated by boilers and used early in the nursery; half of them are naturally warmed by the sun and used to change the water to warm up the pool; the interval can be opened to allow the young shrimp to reach the full shed, and the sheds can also be diluted. The purpose of breeding. The structure of the greenhouse must be solid, the plastic film should use a rope net, and the ditch must be well-prepared to have a certain resistance to wind and rain in order to prevent severe weather.
3 After the basal big shed has been built, a good basal fertilizer should be given one week before the larvae are stocked and the water should be poured (60-80cm). While the temperature of the water in the shed increased, plankton bloomed. When the number of zooplankton reached a peak, stocking shrimp was the best. Basal fertilizer is best fermented and disinfected organic fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is determined according to the sediment and soil quality of the pond. Bottom fertilizer can be applied less, the substrate is thin, and the soil quality is poor. Under normal circumstances, 1 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per square meter, and a certain amount of special fertilizer for shrimps and crabs ("Fei Yu Bao" I and II) is applied depending on the condition of the water.
4 Boilers and oxygen-increasing equipment The boilers used to increase the temperature in greenhouses generally have a water capacity of about 400kg. They are equipped with a 350W single-phase pipeline pump and are heated with plastic reinforcement tubes. From the use of results, in the galvanized steel pipe (20m or so) indirectly in the plastic reinforced pipe, can speed up the heat transfer, better heating effect, can save coal, save electricity. Oxygen supply equipment is generally an air compressor (air pump) with aerated gas. A 300m2 greenhouse is equipped with a 0.75KW air pump. Larger greenhouses can be equipped with a 1.1KW air pump. The pipes are supplied with plastic reinforcement pipes and connected with aerosol stone using a hose. Generally, aerated stone is set every 5m2. One, after the pool of shrimp, people should keep inflating.
5 Transplantation of aquatic plants Because of the benthic attachment of Macrobrachium praecox and the habit of mutual food, the survival rate of juveniles was increased.
Need to set up shelters in the greenhouse for young shrimp to inhabit. Practice has shown that aquatic plants are the best concealment. Not only can they be inhabited by juvenile shrimp, but young shoots can also be used to feed juvenile shrimp. Other artificial concealed materials are prone to adsorbing dirt in the water, making it difficult to clean, while aquatic plants do not have such defects. In the early spring, some plants just sprouted, and they could find the roots of Fancao or Malayzhuzi in ditches and ponds, wrap them in silt, and wrap them in plastic film to make them sink into the pool bottom. Due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, plants quickly grow.
6 shrimp stocking under normal conditions, the water temperature can be stable at 20 °C can be put seedlings, but the temperature of the greenhouse with a boiler, the shrimp in the next four days before the pool to ignite temperature, the shed temperature rose to 24 °C, the stocking shrimp The most suitable seedlings. Shrimp seedlings are stocked at a rate of 40,000 to 50,000 per acre, and the stocking densities in the greenhouses are 2000 to 40,000 tails/m2. The density in the early stages may be a little higher. With the growth of the young shrimps, it must be diversified and reared. The stocked shrimps should be completely diluted and their physique is robust, with a size of 0.8 cm or more. The quality of shrimp seedlings is the key to high yield and high efficiency. A small amount of shrimp seedlings should be used to test the water one day before stocking, so as to prevent the toxicity of clear ponds or disinfectants from disappearing.
7 greenhouse management
7.1 Temperature management Early spring changes in the air, large temperature difference between day and night, at night and rainy days to step up temperature, sunny noon can be closed furnace, to make the water temperature in the greenhouse stable at 26 °C -28 °C, the temperature difference between day and night does not exceed 2 °C. After mid-April, the weather has gradually warmed up, and heating can be stopped, and ventilation can be properly opened at noon. After entering in May, except for the rainy days and evenings to cover the greenhouses, the plastic film can be properly lifted during the day to increase the ventilation of the greenhouse and prevent the pool water from being overheated.
7.2 Feed Management When shrimps enter the shed, in addition to preying on natural bait (plankton), artificial baits are also fed. In the early stage, egg pupa and puffer fish are mainly used. Add some powdered feed and gradually transition to fully fed compound feed. Do not give too much feeding too much, or a lot of high-protein residual bait in the bottom of the fermentation decomposition, the formation of toxic gases can easily cause juvenile shrimp floating head.
7.3 Water Quality Management In the early stage of shrimp ponds, pond water is yellow-green, and the transparency is about 30cm. The food organisms in the pool are abundant. With the growth of shrimps, the amount of bait is continuously increasing, and the amount of residual food is also increasing. With the decomposition of the residual bait and the metabolism of the living creatures in the pool, the pool water will become fatter. At this time, it is necessary to add water and change water. When adding or changing the water, pay attention to changes in the temperature difference. Use the water in the preheating tank to add or change water, which can reduce the temperature difference. In some sandy soil ponds with thinner sediments, over time, due to the adsorption and leakage of sediment, the pond water not only does not turn fertilizer, but gradually becomes clear. At this time, it is necessary to immediately top-dress the fat fish. In the late period of greenhouse rearing, it is necessary to control the pool water fertility. When changing the water, it is necessary to grasp the scale, and the water exchange volume can not be too large. The temperature difference can not be too large, otherwise it will cause the young shrimp stress response, and the effect is counter-productive. For greenhouses where the pool water is relatively fat and large amounts of water are changed, it is inconvenient to use biological agents to regulate the water quality.
8 Juvenile prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultivated in a greenhouse for more than 60 days, with an average size of about 3 cm. When the minimum temperature in the outside world is stable above 20°C, the greenhouses must be demolished in a timely manner and the water should be released. When you are stocking, you have to pull the nets to get a good idea. The number of operations should be light, try to avoid artificial damage to juvenile shrimp, to prevent the occurrence of oxygen shortage in juvenile shrimp. Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of raising larvae in boiler plastic film greenhouses is about 60%, and that of juveniles is generally 20,000-2.5 million.
Source: Aquaculture Author: Ma Jian Club
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