The diseases causing boll stiff and rot are collectively referred to as boll diseases, which mainly include epidemics, anthrax, red rot, black fruit, pinkish pink, aspergillosis, and gray mold. Some varieties of bell disease occur in heavy rainy seasons in autumn.
Occurrence of regular cotton boll season, low temperature and rain, especially in August-September continuous rain, high humidity in the field, Yu cover, poor permeability of the cotton field easy to disease, flood irrigation, water will increase the condition. The wounds of bolls caused by pests are conducive to invading bacteria. Heavy typhoon, heavy insects, many wounds, delayed late planting, and later application of nitrogenous fertilizer in cotton fields were more serious.
Field diagnosis (1) disease. Occurred in the cotton bolls in the middle and lower fruit branches, the first fruit on the fruit surface, bell joint and bell tip under the temporal lobe. Light brownish, pale green to blueish water-stained lesions appeared first, and when the humidity was high, the disease spread rapidly, and the entire cotton boll became a bright green-to-black-brown diseased bell. When the humidity is high, the white bollworms appear on the surface of the bolls, namely the cysts and sporangia of the pathogen. Green bell is infected, perishable or become a dead bell. (2) Anthrax. The lesions on the bells were dark red dots at the beginning, gradually enlarged and sunken, and the middle part became grayish-brown. Adhesive orange-red sticky material was attached to the lesions. (3) Red rot. The shape of the lesion in the bell is irregular, with pink powder outside, and the severe disease bell does not crack and becomes a stale valve. (4) Black fruit disease. The disease mainly occurred in the cracks of bells, shells, and the base of the bell. The lesions were dark green water-stained dots at the beginning of the lesions, and then quickly expanded and showed dark brown rotting. The surface of the diseased part has a layer of pink or pinkish white mold, which is dense and thin, and later developed into a full boll victim. The bell becomes soft, the shell of the bell is tan, and it does not crack. The surface of the surface of the shell is a small black spot that is a conidiophore. At the late onset of the disease, the surface of the bell shell was covered with pulverized coal, and the cotton batting rotted into a black frozen valve. (5) Pink disease. The bell is covered with pink velvet, thick and tight. When the humidity is high, it turns into a white fluffy material, and then the whole orange shell is grown on the surface of the shell, namely, the conidiophore and the conidia of the pathogen, and the mildew layer is thicker than the red rot. Sick bells can't crack, they form a deadlock, and there is a red moldy layer on the stasis valve. (6) Aspergillosis. Only infect cotton bolls. In the early stage of infection, bolls, wormholes, and wounds were immersed in water-soaked yellow-brown spots. Yellow-green or yellow-brown powders were filled to fill the bell-joints, causing the bolls to fail to crack properly. When the humidity is high, yellow-green or yellow-brown villous mold grows, that is, pathogenic conidiophores and conidia, so that the cotton batting is contaminated or dry rot deteriorates. (7) Gray mold. The surface of the affected cotton bolls has a gray villous layer, and the cotton bolls dry and rot when severe. The disease usually occurs on cotton bolls infected with anthrax and anthrax.
Control Technology (1) Strengthen field management. Reasonably dense planting to reduce the humidity in the field. Avoid excessive and late nitrogen fertilizer application to prevent cotton plants from being greedy for longevity. After the rain, drain the drains in time, cultivating loose soil, emptying branches, wiping buds, and playing old leaves. Minimize damage to cotton bolls to avoid invading germs. Remove dead branches, fallen leaves, and rotten bells in time, and burn them in a concentrated manner to reduce the source of bacteria. (2) Prevent boll pests in time and reduce pest wounds. (3) At the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times, or 58% methadone WP wet 700 times, or 64% MnZnS WP 600 times. 7 to 10 days to prevent and treat again. Note that alternating use of different types of pesticides delays the development of drug resistance.
Occurrence of regular cotton boll season, low temperature and rain, especially in August-September continuous rain, high humidity in the field, Yu cover, poor permeability of the cotton field easy to disease, flood irrigation, water will increase the condition. The wounds of bolls caused by pests are conducive to invading bacteria. Heavy typhoon, heavy insects, many wounds, delayed late planting, and later application of nitrogenous fertilizer in cotton fields were more serious.
Field diagnosis (1) disease. Occurred in the cotton bolls in the middle and lower fruit branches, the first fruit on the fruit surface, bell joint and bell tip under the temporal lobe. Light brownish, pale green to blueish water-stained lesions appeared first, and when the humidity was high, the disease spread rapidly, and the entire cotton boll became a bright green-to-black-brown diseased bell. When the humidity is high, the white bollworms appear on the surface of the bolls, namely the cysts and sporangia of the pathogen. Green bell is infected, perishable or become a dead bell. (2) Anthrax. The lesions on the bells were dark red dots at the beginning, gradually enlarged and sunken, and the middle part became grayish-brown. Adhesive orange-red sticky material was attached to the lesions. (3) Red rot. The shape of the lesion in the bell is irregular, with pink powder outside, and the severe disease bell does not crack and becomes a stale valve. (4) Black fruit disease. The disease mainly occurred in the cracks of bells, shells, and the base of the bell. The lesions were dark green water-stained dots at the beginning of the lesions, and then quickly expanded and showed dark brown rotting. The surface of the diseased part has a layer of pink or pinkish white mold, which is dense and thin, and later developed into a full boll victim. The bell becomes soft, the shell of the bell is tan, and it does not crack. The surface of the surface of the shell is a small black spot that is a conidiophore. At the late onset of the disease, the surface of the bell shell was covered with pulverized coal, and the cotton batting rotted into a black frozen valve. (5) Pink disease. The bell is covered with pink velvet, thick and tight. When the humidity is high, it turns into a white fluffy material, and then the whole orange shell is grown on the surface of the shell, namely, the conidiophore and the conidia of the pathogen, and the mildew layer is thicker than the red rot. Sick bells can't crack, they form a deadlock, and there is a red moldy layer on the stasis valve. (6) Aspergillosis. Only infect cotton bolls. In the early stage of infection, bolls, wormholes, and wounds were immersed in water-soaked yellow-brown spots. Yellow-green or yellow-brown powders were filled to fill the bell-joints, causing the bolls to fail to crack properly. When the humidity is high, yellow-green or yellow-brown villous mold grows, that is, pathogenic conidiophores and conidia, so that the cotton batting is contaminated or dry rot deteriorates. (7) Gray mold. The surface of the affected cotton bolls has a gray villous layer, and the cotton bolls dry and rot when severe. The disease usually occurs on cotton bolls infected with anthrax and anthrax.
Control Technology (1) Strengthen field management. Reasonably dense planting to reduce the humidity in the field. Avoid excessive and late nitrogen fertilizer application to prevent cotton plants from being greedy for longevity. After the rain, drain the drains in time, cultivating loose soil, emptying branches, wiping buds, and playing old leaves. Minimize damage to cotton bolls to avoid invading germs. Remove dead branches, fallen leaves, and rotten bells in time, and burn them in a concentrated manner to reduce the source of bacteria. (2) Prevent boll pests in time and reduce pest wounds. (3) At the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times, or 58% methadone WP wet 700 times, or 64% MnZnS WP 600 times. 7 to 10 days to prevent and treat again. Note that alternating use of different types of pesticides delays the development of drug resistance.
Stevia Rebaudioside M
Stevia Rm,Stevia Rebaudioside M,Stevia Reb-M,Rebaudioside M
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