I. Garden selection
Tea gardens should be suitable for convenient transportation, adequate water supply, contiguous soil, deep soil layer, loose soil, rich soil nutrients, low groundwater level, good drainage and water retention properties, and slightly acidic soil (pH between 4.5 and 6.5), suitable for mechanization Tillage management, uncultivated cassava, sweet potato and other barren land and cultivated land.
Second, the planning of the garden
1 tea plantation planning: The application of ecological principles should be applied to establish a new type of tea farm with tea as the mainstay, diversified management, main planting, ecological management, and green food production. Yishan Shuitianlin Road comprehensive planning, unified arrangement of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Teahouses should scientifically plan total fields and breakouts, office areas and living areas, production areas and factory areas, business areas and cultural areas according to the scale of production and management methods.
2 Planting plan: Afforestation should be planned for hills above 25 degrees, and a contiguous plot under 25 degrees should plan to establish a tea garden. Sporadic plots should be planned for planting pasture, feed, green manure, bean crops, flowers, herbs, etc. It is advisable to plan the construction of reservoirs in the water areas, plan planting of fruit and ornamental trees on the terraces of the tea gardens, on the roadsides, on the sides of the ditch, and in front of the houses, and to plant protective forest belts at the outlets to make the tea farm an artificial ecological community.
3 tea garden planning: should be centered on soil and water conservation, the slope of more than 10 degrees to plan the establishment of terraced tea gardens, 10 degrees below the plan to build a chess board or rectangular tea garden. The Tea House plans to plan as far north and south as possible, and the tea shops should be kept in parallel to avoid line breaks and closed lines. Every 8 to 10 lines of tea should be planned to plant a shaded tree.
4 Road planning: The road should be planned based on the area of ​​the tea garden and the convenience of management and improvement of work efficiency. General 500-mu or more main road is set up, 7-9 meters wide; below 500-mu, there are only branch roads, and the width is 6-7 meters; there are walkways in the tea garden, and the tea garden is divided into several operation areas, usually 10 mu. The length of the tea line is about 60 meters. The cascade tea gardens generally have 8 to 10 lines with a walking track and a width of 2 meters. Horizontal walking trails are opened horizontally. Longitudinal walking trails can be built according to Yamagata. Straight roads, I roads and S roads can be built. . Main roads, branch roads, and walkways should be connected to facilitate transportation.
(5) Water conservancy planning: The plan shall be based on the principle of benefiting soil and water conservation, preventing the loss of water and nutrients, and facilitating the drainage, irrigation and storage of water. The park plans to establish drainage, irrigation, and water storage drainage and irrigation ditch and reservoir, drip irrigation irrigation facilities, the number and width of the ditch should be determined depending on the displacement and water demand; outside the park can be established to block storms from entering Flood protection trenches in tea gardens require gutters in an orderly and orderly manner. The reservoir is mainly used for impounding and conserving water and fertilizers. Generally, it is established for every 5 to 10 mu of tea gardens. The deep width is calculated based on the water storage capacity of 1 to 2 cubic meters per mu.
Third, tea gardens open
1 tea line specifications: At present, our province mainly promotes double line strip planting, tea line spacing 120-150 cm large tea, small tea line 30-40 cm; tea ditch 70-80 cm wide, 45-50 cm deep.
2 opening method: the use of full or half can be used, can be opened mechanically or manually, the first machine after the artificial. Step-by-step tea gardens can be constructed using terrace-level technical methods.
3 back to the ditch method: the bottom of the ditch to leave 10 cm loose soil, fill the base basal 15 to 20 cm, fill the top 10 to 15 cm of soil, the remaining 10 to 15 cm to be filled with tea when planted.
4 Under foot basic fertilizer: Each acre is applied to 40,000 tons of manure, garbage, livestock manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, and 200 kg of phosphate fertilizer.
Fourth, tea planting
1 Choose a good seed: good seed is the basis for realizing high yield, high quality and high efficiency of tea. It must be based on market demand, choose and match scientifically with good varieties. In recent years, a variety of aromas, multi-millimeters, adaptability to mechanical picking, management, and processing have been chosen for their wide adaptability, strong resistance to stress, good agronomic characteristics, suitability for 2 to 3 teas, or a premium tea. Department of improved species, such as Dan Yi, Huang Yi, Ying Hong Nine, Xiu Hong, Wu Ling Hong, Shang Meizhou, Fu Yun No. 6, Renhua Bai Mao, Lechang Bai Mao and so on.
2 The quality of good planting: First, we should choose the standard nursery stocks that are robust, with advanced root system, no pest damage, and no virus infection; secondly, we should plant 30 to 40 centimeters of small row spacing and 30 to 40 centimeters of plant spacing; Plant, cover the soil, place enough water, and lay a layer of straw or weeds 50 cm around the plant to ensure survival.
3 plant shade trees: In order to increase the quality of tea production, every 8 to 10 lines of tea in the tea garden should be planted with shade trees. The plant spacing should be determined according to the density of branches and leaves of the trees and the width of the canopy, and the shade degree of adulthood should be 30% to 50%. Generally, 8-12 plants per acre can be intercropped. The trees are deep-rooted and do not compete with tea trees for water and fertilizer, and no common diseases or insect pests. Fruit trees and economic trees with moderate density of branches and leaves are preferred, such as persimmon, plum, pear, cypress, kudu, acacia, stipule, and silver acacia. Tree species can be.
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