Recently, Liu Huanjing, a villager of Jingjia Village, Tangwang Town, Tangwang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, and Tian Mingliang of Tianjia Village, Yaoqiang Town, reported that their family eggplants had symptoms of wilting and yellow leaves, and they were required to see and solve the problem on site. On the same day, the author came to the eggplant field of Liu Huayu and Tian Mingliang, and saw that many eggplants began to appear yellow wilting phenomenon, which is a typical symptom of verticillium wilt in eggplant. Eggplant Verticillium wilt is the most common soil-borne disease on eggplant. Once it is onset, it is very difficult to control and the harm is also the most serious. If it cannot be controlled in time, it is easy to cause the occurrence of outbreak.
Field symptoms
Eggplant verticillium wilt disease mostly occurs after the fruit is covered in the pod, and the disease analysis increases sharply in the fruit stage. At the early stage of disease, the middle and lower leaves of the plant chlorosis or chlorosis on the middle and lower leaves, and gradually develop upwards, so that half of the branches and leaves become yellow and dead, and the fruit is not rigid. Therefore, it is also called half crazy. In severe cases, the whole plant withered and the leaves dried off and became light stalks. Peeling the roots and stems of the cortex reveals that the vascular bundle has turned brown and is also known as black heart disease.
Causes
Eggplant Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease, and soil bacteria are the main source of pathogens. Verticillium dahliae, mycelium, chlamydospore, and pseudosclerotia are winterized in the soil along with the diseased plant residue, and generally can survive for 6-8 years. The pathogens mainly invade from root wounds and can also invade from the radicle and root hairs and propagate in the vascular bundles of plants. Therefore, cultivating or continuous cropping, the soil contains more bacteria, and the disease is heavy.
In addition, temperature is also an important factor affecting the occurrence of diseases. The general temperature of 20-25 °C is conducive to disease. From the time of eggplant colonization to the flowering stage, the more days the daily average temperature is below 15°C, the earlier the disease becomes heavier. The temperature is above 28°C and the disease is suppressed.
Soil heavy weight, saline-alkali soil, double cropping, partial nitrogen fertilization, roasting roots, planting roots, planting too thin, planting seedlings at midday sun, soil cracking, etc. In particular, watering on a cold day can easily cause an outbreak of Verticillium wilt.
Prevention measures
To prevent the occurrence of Verticillium wilt of eggplant, 20-30 kilograms of microbial agents can be applied during transplanting; 800 micrograms of “micro-micro-purposes†per acre are used before the onset of seedlings, and each plant is irrigated at a dilution of 300 times. In combination with irrigating the roots, a foliar spray should also be carried out. Before the onset of disease, the thiazole zinc 400 times fluid plus 6000 times liquid natural alizarin “Shuofeng 481†sprayed the leaves, sprayed once every 8-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. . For the eggplant that has already developed Verticillium wilt, roots that have begun to rot should be set aside in time. For eggplant that has just begun to show signs of wilting, 300 times the amount of gold in the root can be used for “micro multi-purpose†or thiazole zinc 400 Diluent; also can be used 50% aluminum chloride 300 times copper or 60% aluminum sulfate 500 times aluminum sulphate Irrigation.
Toltrazuri solution INDICATION
For the treatment of Coccidiosis in chicken, calves and piglets.
Toltrazuril is effective against Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella, E. Mitis.
Toltrazuril has been used as a treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona.
CONTRAINDICATION
Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to the active substance.
WARNING
Toltrazuril does not interfere with the development of immunity against coccidiosis. As with all anticoccidials, prolonged use may result in the development of resistant strains.
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