Aluminum-dependent Arabidopsis ion transport has low pH and aluminum response specificity

Aluminum-dependent dynamics of ion transport in Arabidopsis : specificity of low pH and aluminum responses

The acidity of the soil is an important factor limiting plant distribution. More than 40% of the world's cultivated land is acidic soil. In acidic soils, crop growth is affected by different toxicities (H ⁺ , Al ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ ) and nutrients. Among these complex factors, the toxicity of Al ³⁺ and H ⁺ is highly correlated with plant growth. Relevance. The aluminum toxicity of plants is mainly the effect of Al ³⁺ when the pH in the soil is below 4.5. Therefore, in order to breed plants that are more tolerant to acidic soils, it is necessary to study the toxicity mechanisms of H ⁺ and Al ³⁺ .

Australian scientists have studied the ion transport mechanism of Arabidopsis response to Al ³⁺ and low pH using non-invasive microscopy. Early symptoms of Al ³⁺ toxicity inhibited root growth, and it was subsequently found that low pH reduced H ⁺ influx into root tissue, causing cytoplasmic acidification. In contrast, low pH and Al ³⁺ co-stress reduced the H ⁺ influx in the elongation zone, induced H ⁺ outflow in the mature zone, resulting in alkalization of all regions of the cell. Low pH induced an increase in rhizosphere pH in the elongation zone, but low pH and Al ³⁺ co-stress resulted in a decrease in pH in all root regions. Low pH stress alleviated the efflux of K+, induced depolarization of the plasma membrane, and low pH and Al ³⁺ co-stress significantly reduced plasma membrane depolarization. After 60 min of treatment, low pH caused plasma membrane depolarization, but low pH and Al ³⁺ co-stress caused hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane.

This study found that low pH and Al ³⁺ toxicity have different effects on root tissue and rhizosphere. Low pH and Al ³⁺ reduce the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis roots to increase rhizosphere pH in acidic environments. This may provide the basis for studying the different mechanisms by which plants adapt to abiotic stress.

Key words : non-damage micro-measurement technology, low pH (Low-pH), Al ³⁺ , H ⁺ , K ⁺

References : Bose J, et al. Physiologia Plantarum, 2010, 139: 401-412.

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