The single-season late rice in June is in the period from sowing to effective tillering, which is the basic period for laying high-yielding seedlings. The key to cultivation is: timely sowing early, and fighting for the early low-level Oita. To prevent the two tendencies, one is the prosperous growth in the early period, resulting in excessive delivery speed, which makes it difficult to control the seedlings in the middle period. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the late sowing of the planting due to the long period of plum rain and the weak growth situation. Suburban rice planting methods are mainly two types of direct-seeded rice and transplanted rice.
First, live rice
1, seed preparation
Variety selection of direct-seeded rice varieties should be based on local natural conditions, mouth conditions, mechanical strength, labor conditions, select local varieties of superior conditions, high yield, strong lodging resistance varieties, and pay attention to early, middle and late maturing varieties of reasonable collocation, quality should be achieved The national standard of three or more standards, the seed quality meets the national seed quality standards.
The inconsistent maturation of the sun-dried rice during harvesting, coupled with changes in cold, warm and wet during storage, has an impact on seed viability. Sawn seeds can make the hull permeability better, and the water absorption is faster. At the same time, the activity of enzymes in the grain is strengthened, and the vitality of the embryo is enhanced. The drying time is 1-2 days. It is necessary to book stalls, dig up and prevent shelling.
Selection is screened with a sieve or a washing machine, and the grains of the branchlets are screened out to remove empty grains, grains and weed seeds.
Soaking and sterilizing 3-4 kilograms of rice seed per acre (conventional varieties), using 17% bacteriocin wettable powder 20 g, 10% 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 10 g, mix the chemicals and add a small amount of water into a paste, and then Add 8 liters of water to dilute and soak in seed soaking. Soaking for 48-60 hours under the condition of daily average temperature of 18-20°C, soaking for 36-48 hours under the condition of daily average temperature of 20°C or more, reducing the number of pathogenic sources and preventing the occurrence of disease.
The germination seeds are soaked for a period of time after they have been soaked. After washing with clean water, they are piled up into a heap, covering the soaked mat and maintaining a certain humidity, temperature and air permeability. The optimum temperature for the germination of rice is 35 degrees, and the high temperature of 35 degrees is grasped before breaking the chest. Do not exceed 40 degrees. The broken chest is fast and neat. The temperature dropped to 25 degrees after rupture of the chest, and the growth rate of the root buds slowed down, which is conducive to long and strong growth. Buds grow from white to half grains.
2. Daejeon preparation
Improving the quality of soil preparation in Daejeon is an important prerequisite for assuring that early sowing, seedlings, and seedlings can be obtained after direct seeding sowing.
After harvesting till crops are harvested, they are mechanically ploughed, do not leak tillage, and are ploughed to a level of no more than 2 cm. If the front rake is a green manure, the green manure should be buried into the soil 20 days before sowing to ensure sufficient maturity.
Shiji surface fertilizer base fertilizer mainly organic fertilizer, including straw returned to the field, green manure and commercial organic fertilizer, fertilizer applied carbon ammonium 10 kilograms (straw returning to the field can increase some) plus superphosphate 20-30 kilograms.
On the basis of mechanical ploughing, Putian uses machinery to rake in fields or artificially amplify fields to reach field level, but the mud is not bad.
Tsujita is demanding that it be tall, solid, and straight. Gao is to make Tian Lun able to maintain the water layer more than 5 cm. In fact, it is the field ridge that is built to allow people to walk on it without mud; straight, there is no obvious Qutang in Tian Lu.
3, sowing
It is more suitable to use green manure and barley bran before the cultivation of rice in the mouth and sowing stage for direct seeding cultivation. It is also suitable for wheat bran. Sowing date, green fertilizer in mid-May, barley in late May - early June, wheat in early June. Jiahua 1, Xiushui 09, Xiushui 128 and other mid-maturing late-season sowing from May 25 to early June. Hanyou Xiangqing, Qiuyou Jinfeng and other late-maturing late pods were planted on May 20-25.
Adhering to timely sowing, due to the impact of global warming, the annual seeding period of direct-seeded rice has been postponed year by year. From September 5th to 16th, 2006, it continued to be low temperature and rainy, and the lowest temperature was below 18 degrees for two days from September 10 to December 12. It was the first time in nearly 20 years. It had a certain impact on rice yield, and it also knocked for us. Alarm bells, late broadcast is risky. To insist on mid-maturing late-maturing varieties for direct-seeded rice cultivation, sowing before June 10th.
Broadcasting and basic seedlings have the characteristics of low tillering nodes and high tillering potential. To prevent the overgrowth of direct-seeded rice in mid- and late-stage crops, to reduce the rate of spike formation, and to affect rice quality and panicle type, it is generally required to appropriately reduce the seeding rate. Conventional varieties, net use of 3.0-4.0 kg per mu (dry valley), basic seedlings controlled at 60,000-80,000 per acre; hybrid rice net use 1.5-2.0 kg per acre (dry valley), basic seedlings controlled at each Mu 3-4 thousand. In terms of specific control, the early sowing of crops for sowing and hoeing should appropriately reduce the amount of sowing, and vice versa.
When sowing is sown, there is basically no water in the fields, moderate softness and hardness of the mud, and some people should observe behind the machinery when sowing, so as to avoid loosing the ridges, artificial replenishment should be performed on the corners of the fields and fields where the machinery cannot be broadcast.
After clearing the ditch, the ditch should be gradually cleaned, the ditch should be opened, the water outlet should be opened, and the water in the field should be eliminated to keep the ground moist.
4. Weeding before seedlings
Direct-seeded rice seeds are directly sowed in the field, rice seeds and weed seeds germinate at the same time, plus direct seeding rice sowing, space between seedlings is large, light, temperature, fertilizer, water conditions are good, but also conducive to weed growth, such as Do not pay attention to control, often cause grass damage. Therefore, how to scientifically and effectively prevent and control grassland damage is another key to the success of direct seeded rice.
The control of direct weeds in weeds should adopt a combination of agronomic practices and chemical weed control. Agronomic measures mainly include the following: first, establish a rice production environment with smooth ground, good water retention, and ease of irrigation and drainage; second, combine seed treatment to remove weed seeds in combination with ploughing, soil preparation, and eliminate weed seeds on land surface; (2-3 years) crop rotation system to reduce the occurrence of weeds.
Live weeds in chemical weeding in paddy fields must be grasped as early as possible. The main method is: within 1-3 days after sowing, mu 40% of the live green WP 60 grams, or 30% of the direct wettable powder 80 grams, 40-50 kg of water, evenly spray. Field boards remain moist when applied. Field boards remained moist within 3 days after application, and normal irrigation and field management resumed after 3 days.
5, field management
In June, rice went through a seedling period and entered an effective tillering period. From seedling emergence to the seedling stage before 3 leaves, the nutrients needed for seedling growth are mainly provided by seeds. The effective tilling period refers to the number of effective panicles from 4 leaves to tillers.
5.1, rational fertilization
The tiller fertilizer can generally be divided into 2-3 times, the first time in the 2 leaves 1 heart Shi, Mushi 10 kg of rice special formula fertilizer or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; apply 7 days or so the second time, can be applied 15 kg rice dedicated Formula fertilizer or 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; later according to the growth of seedlings consider adding some fertilizer.
5.2, water slurry management
After sowing, the water in the fields was excluded and the fields were kept moist. Seedling stage is dominated by wet irrigation. When the weather is fine and sunny, and the surface of the field is cracked with striated cracks, horse water should be irrigated. If there is rain, it should be ruled out immediately. Do not infuse deep water and prolonged dehydration. For shallow water irrigation before the birth, do not pour deep water. When the number of seedlings per mu of conventional rice reaches 20-22 million (average with 2 tillers per plant), the number of hybrid rice seedlings per mu will reach 16-18 million (average with 4 tillers per plant), and dehydration will begin to take place.
5.3.
After the water layer was established in the third leaf stage of the seedlings, the work of filling the gaps was conducted promptly. The combination of density and replenishment can be supplemented with neutralization of muddy seedlings. Usually, 7-inch row spacing should have about 25-30 conventional varieties per row and about 12-15 large panicle varieties.
Second, transplant rice
According to the age of young plants can be divided into small seedling transplanting (15-20 days of age), transplanting large seedlings (about 30 days of age) two types.
1, seedling management
The seedlings were transplanted one leaf to two leaf stage, and the urea was recovered 5 kg/mu. The big seedlings were transplanted in the three-leaf stage, and the urea was chased with 6-8 kg/mu or ammonium bicarbonate 20 kg/mu. 3 to 5 days before transplanting, apply fertilizer and apply 5-8 kg of urea per acre. Water slurry management, after the sowing to maintain the water in the trench, the water on the seesaw, two horses pre-paining horse water, after the two leaves to maintain a shallow water layer.
2. Field ploughing
After harvesting the former crops, the crops are ploughed mechanically, without loosing the soil and ploughed to a level of no more than 2 cm. If the front rake is a green manure, the green manure should be buried into the soil 20 days before sowing to ensure sufficient maturity.
Shiji surface fertilizer base fertilizer mainly organic fertilizer, including straw returned to the field, green manure and commodity organic fertilizer, direct broadcast rice fertilizer application of ammonium bicarbonate 10 kg (straw returning to the field can increase some) plus superphosphate 20-30 kg.
On the basis of mechanical ploughing, Putian uses machinery to rake in fields or artificially amplify fields to reach field level, but the mud is not bad.
Tsujita is demanding that it be tall, solid, and straight. Gao is to make Tian Hao able to maintain the water layer more than 5 centimeters; in fact, it is the field ridge that is to be built so that people can walk on it without mud; straight, that is, there is no obvious curve in the field ridge.
3, field management
Generally, the basic seedlings per acre of hybrid rice are controlled at 3 to 50,000, and conventional rice is at 7 to 90,000. Base fertilizer can be applied to the total amount of 20-30% per acre, about 3-4.5 kg of pure nitrogen, mainly refined organic fertilizer and BB fertilizer; 40-50% of the total amount of tiller fertilizer can be applied, about 6-7.5 kg of pure nitrogen. The tiller fertilizer is divided into two applications, after transplanting live trees, combined with irrigation, the application of urea per acre is about 10-15 kg or 30-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. The interval of 5-7 days can be supplemented according to the growth of the seedlings. The amount of fertilizer should be controlled for the second time. After transplanting, it remained moist, and after 3 days, a shallow water layer was established, and shallow water was used for irrigation to promote the delivery.
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