At the beginning of November, the author learned during the visit of Jitai Town, an eggplant cultivation area in Shouguang City, that the sclerotial sclerotial disease in the recent eggplant production in greenhouse has a tendency of spreading and epidemic. This reminds the aubergine growers to strengthen management, promote the vigorous growth of eggplant, and increase the growth of eggplant. Comprehensive resistance to prevent the occurrence of eggplant sclerotia.
Symptoms and Causes of Sclerotinia Sclerotinia Symptoms of Sclerotinia: The base of the diseased stem at the seedling stage appears as a water-stained, light brown spot, which changes color to brown and quickly circulates around the stem for a week. When the humidity is high, white cotton floc-like mycelium or soft rot grows, but no odor is produced. After drying, it is gray-white, and the diseased seedlings die as if they were littered. Plant infections mainly occurred at the branch of the stem or stem 5 to 22 cm from the ground, and began to produce water-stained brownish irregular lesions that spread upward and downward one week after the lesion. When the humidity is high, the surface of the diseased part has a white cotton-like hyphae, the cortex of the stem becomes rotten, the pith disintegrates into debris, and the black sclerotia are formed on the surface of the diseased stem or pith, and the sclerotia are round and irregular. shape. When dry, the epidermis of the plant ruptured and the fiber bundles looked like hemp-like. Individually, there was a 4–13 cm long gray-brown veined spot. Flowers, leaves and stalks became infected with water-stained soft rot, causing leaves to fall off. When the fruit is infected, the fruit surface first turns brown and appears watery and rot. It gradually spreads to the whole fruit. Some of them start from the umbilicus and extend to the fruit pedicle to rot the entire fruit. The surface of the fruit grows into a white mycelium and forms a black color. Irregular sclerotia.
Note that in the current greenhouse eggplant production, the disease mainly damages the stems of the eggplants, causing brown lesions on the surface of the diseased stems, with ring veins, white cotton flocculent mycelium, longitudinal stems with black irregular sclerotia . Severe diseased plants, rotted stalk tissue, stem hollow. Black sclerotia on the surface of the stem, easy to fall off.
Comprehensive prevention and control measures:
1, rotation down.
The germs are mainly left as sclerotia in the soil or mixed in the seeds for winter or summer. Sclerotia can survive in soil for 1 to 3 years. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the sclerotia germinates to produce ascopoietic and ascosporous spores that spread with wind and rain. Perform 1 to 2 years of rotation in areas where conditions permit. It is also possible to carry out a deep plowing field after the harvest of the previous crop so that the sclerotia cannot germinate.
2. Select disease-free seeds and disinfect seeds.
Seeds can be dried for 4-6 hours before soaking. If seeds are mixed with sclerotia and diseased plant debris, 8% of salt water can be used for seeding before sowing to remove floating sclerotia and debris. The seeds must be washed with water several times before sowing, so as not to affect the germination.
3, cut off the initial route of transmission.
In greenhouses without disease, do not transplant seedlings from greenhouses or greenhouses in the wards to prevent sclerotia from spreading with nursery soil. When carrying out agricultural operations, we must pay attention to human-to-human transmission, and the bodies and bodies that are collected must be destroyed in strict and deep-disposal manner.
4, change the conditions of germs. The temperature conducive to sclerotia germination is about 15°C and the relative humidity is more than 85%. Therefore, attention should be paid to prevent low temperature and high humidity in the field or indoor, and timely irrigation, top dressing, and cultivating and weeding to reduce the spread of Sclerotinia. The diseased plants were found to be removed in a timely manner and treated in a centralized manner to prevent sclerotia from falling into the soil. Cultivating the cultivars can destroy the production of the ascidian plate and embed it in the soil to reduce the transmission of ascospores.
5, pharmaceutical control. Before the onset of disease, 68.75% (DuPont) Easy Water Dispersible Granules and 37.5% (DuPont) Quancheng Suspensions can be used to spray the eggplants. (Spraying this kind of protective agent is like putting eggplant on a protective layer. Membrane bag) can play a very good protection. In the early stage of disease, 40% Sclerotium WP can be used 800 to 1500 times, or 50% Sulfatine WP 1500 times, or 50% Carbendazim WP 500 times, or 50% puff Due to wettable powder 800 times liquid. Plant stem base and ground should be sprayed with liquid protection, once every 5 to 7 days, continuous control of 3 to 4 times.
Medical Bandage,Medical Wound Sport Protect Bandage ,Surgical Auxiliary Multiple Types Bandage ,Surgical Breathable Elastic Bandage
Surgimed Medical Supplies Co.,Ltd , https://www.surgimedcn.com