1 Choose the right soil
In order to cultivate high-yielding vegetables, the choice of soil is critical. According to the vegetables to be grown, suitable soils are selected, and the fertility of the soil is appropriately increased in accordance with the demand for sunlight and moisture during the growth of the vegetables.
2Select high quality vegetable varieties
The variety of vegetables is very important for its high output value. Vegetables with relatively poor quality vegetable varieties are more resistant to natural disasters and diseases and insect pests. Therefore, depending on the soil and climate conditions of the vegetable growing areas, selecting the right quality vegetable variety is critical to the high-yielding cultivation of vegetables.
3 Cultivate high quality vegetable seedling
Cultivating high-quality vegetable seedlings has an added effect on the high-yielding cultivation of vegetables. However, the seedling raising process is not only complicated but also has very high technical requirements. The technical points of nursery have five parts: Before planting, we must do the seed processing work, conduct seed disinfection and basic treatment through microelement soaking, low temperature treatment, etc., then carry out the germination work of the seed; handle bed soil, Bed soil and nutritious soil have high nutrient content, and the soil contains a large amount of decomposed organic matter. In addition, soil, livestock manure, soil ash and sand should be properly proportioned; the humidity and temperature management in the greenhouse must be strengthened to ensure the seedbed The soil is suitable for seed development; nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer should be used during the seedling raising period; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times and 2 times with a mixture of boric acid and zinc sulfate should be sprayed during the seedling raising period; the seedlings should be started 7 to 10 days before planting. .
4 rational use of fertilizer
According to the fertility of the soil and the growth of vegetables, the rational use of chemical fertilizers can increase the output of vegetables to a certain extent, but it is necessary to grasp the dosage, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of vegetables.
5 Adjust plants in time
In the process of growing vegetables, it is necessary to adjust the vegetables, and to increase the yield and quality of vegetables by adjusting the distribution of stems and leaves of vegetables, growth space, and fruits. To adjust plants, first of all, we must be familiar with the plant characteristics and growth status of the planted vegetables, and then adjust the plants by means of bridging, pruning, picking, fruit thinning, smashing, vines, etc. in order to achieve the purpose of high yield value of vegetables.
Second, control the amount of irrigation water and irrigation times
During the cultivation of vegetables, reasonable irrigation and irrigation times can promote the growth of vegetables. When planting, if the climate is relatively dry, it should increase the number of irrigation and irrigation; if the climate is relatively humid, it should be appropriate to reduce the number of irrigation and irrigation. Before irrigating, analyze the growth characteristics of the vegetables and formulate the corresponding irrigation plan to adjust the irrigation times by growing the vegetable's demand for water.
Third, control the humidity and temperature of vegetable growth
Scientific and reasonable control of humidity and temperature during the growth of vegetables is conducive to the efficient cultivation of vegetables. According to the soil and climate conditions of vegetables, real-time monitoring can be achieved through the implementation of atomized water spray measures to control the humidity and temperature of vegetable growth, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the growth of vegetables.
Fourth, do a good job of pest control work
1 Agricultural control
In the vegetable growing area, the seed-retaining area and the seed-free area can be established, and in the selection of vegetable varieties, the anti-virus vegetable varieties suitable for the local growing environment can be preferentially selected. In the non-planting season, the soil should be scientifically treated. , Deeply turning the soil to keep the field clean. Scientific and reasonable fertilization, rational arrangement of planting quantity and density, strengthening the disinfection of soil and removing weeds from vegetable fields. In the process of growing vegetables, we must adopt reasonable methods of cultivation and rotation, and at the same time, improve the management system for vegetable growing areas. For example, on the same piece of land, it is necessary to alternately plant eggplant fruits and vegetables and melons, and plant vegetable growing areas on time. Clean up, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the pests and vegetables from eroding, and ensure the high quality and high yield of vegetables.
2 biological control
Biological control is mainly based on the characteristics of pests and pathogenic bacteria, giving priority to the selection of non-residual and non-polluting drugs that will not cause harm to crops and humans. Prevention work should be done before pests and diseases occur. To strengthen the biological control of vegetables, we can effectively control pests and diseases through the use of various types of microorganisms and fungi, such as the use of Bacillus thuringiensis for the prevention and control of lepidopteran pests, and the use of agricultural streptomycin to control the soft rot of Chinese cabbage. With natural enemies to reduce pests and insects, chemical trapping, such as the use of bait traps killing underground pests.
3 Physical and mechanical control
Physical and mechanical control is through the use of chemical agents, pest killing and trapping, and other methods, according to the characteristics of pests and physical control, such as soaking with warm soup disinfection, large bags of vegetable protection, greenhouse cultivation. Artificial killing can also be carried out, for example, by trapping grass in vegetable fields and using sweet and sour sauce, high-pressure pump lights to seduce underground pests.
4 Chemical prevention
Chemical control generally uses a wide range, has quick effect, and the effect of prevention and control is more obvious. The use of chemical methods for pest control should pay special attention to the period of spraying chemical agents, pesticides with low residual and low toxicity should be used to kill insects in vegetables. Stop using the pesticide before it matures. In the process of chemical prevention, it is necessary to do a good job of preventing the surrounding crops from being harmed by chemical agents. Planters should control the use of chemical drugs.
V. Conclusion
In the development of modern agriculture, vegetable cultivation must not only ensure high yields, but also pay attention to the quality of vegetables, and use efficient cultivation methods to achieve the purposes of high yield and good yield of vegetables, and provide people with green, safe and high-quality vegetables.
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