Non-nuclear purple, alias nuclear black, nuclear red, Monukka, Eurasian species, native to India. China introduced the city of Yining in Xinjiang around 1920, and sporadically cultivated in courtyards. In 1974, it was planted in patches. At present, the variety has been widely promoted in Xinjiang, and shows many advantages such as high-quality, high-quality, high-quality and high-quality products. According to the observation and research of the non-nuclear purple grape for many years, a set of suitable cultivation and management methods are proposed for its cultivation characteristics, so that the excellent variety characteristics are fully exerted and greater economic benefits are obtained.
1 Variety Characteristics Nucleus-free purple grapes have a conical ear shape, with moderate density of fruit particles, purple-to-purple fruits, thin fruit powder, attractive and attractive, sweet and refreshing after ripening, slight fragrance, and good commodity traits. Medium disease resistance, powdery mildew and downy mildew. The main insect pests were felt worms. One-year-old plants were not cold-resistant and had good cold resistance at the age of two years.
In the case of good fertilizer and water, the results can be obtained in the second year after planting, and this species can easily form flower buds with high fruit setting rate and high yield. When there is sufficient fertilizer, 1 new flower can appear 3-4 inflorescences. At the same time, it has strong resistance to saline and alkaline and good adaptability, but it is extremely sensitive to the level of fertility and the response of plant growth regulators. When the fruit swelling agent is correctly used, the fruit can be increased by 1 time or more.
2 The main problems in cultivation
2.1 If you do not pay attention to a reasonable load, it is easy to cause the sugar-acid ratio to decline, the flavor deteriorates, the storage and transportation are not tolerated, the maturity period is inconsistent, and there are many blue grains and spikes.
2.2 When the fertility is insufficient and the fruit swelling agent and other suitable cultivation and management techniques cannot be reasonably used, the grain size is small, oval or easy to fall.
2.3 If the water is not strictly controlled during fruit coloring to maturity, it will easily produce cracks and mildew, which will seriously affect grape quality.
3 Cultivation Management Technical Measures
3.1 Fertilizer Non-nuclear purple grapes like fertilizer water, should be strictly implemented in the autumn fruit harvest? In the spring of next year, the application of basal fertilizer twice in April, requiring every 500ml of organic fertilizer per 667?. In the vigorous growing season of grapes, the roots should be topdressed and N fertilizer should be stopped when the fruits begin to color. From the beginning of the grape leaves in early May, until the fruit is enlarged, it is combined with the application of leaf surface fertilizer 5~7 times and stopped at the beginning of August. In order to prevent fruit cracking, increase the commerciality and storability of seedless purple, and promote the ripening of shoots, it is required to stop watering until mid-August. In addition, the application of P?K fertilizer during the growth period can also effectively prevent the cracking of the seedless purple grapes.
3.2 Cultivating Racks and Shaping In order to give full play to the production characteristics of non-nuclear purple grapes and the advantages of Xinjiang's special climatic and environmental conditions, it is best to use scaffolding cultivation. The scaffolds are pruned with dragon stems, and when the winter shears are cut, they are trimmed with medium and long tips, leaving about 20/m2 buds. In the summer pruning, it is generally required that each new shoot retains at most 2 inflorescences, and the sub-apparents below the inflorescence are all erased. Inflorescences above the apical shoots leave 2-3 leaves topping. The grapes must be removed to reduce nutrient consumption. The inflorescence should be trimmed a few days before flowering, and the tips of the panicles must be removed by about 1/3 of the inflorescence, and some branching spikelets must be removed to make the panicles of the fruit settling compact and beautiful in order to improve the commercial quality.
3.3 Extruding agent Using species that are extremely sensitive to plant growth regulators in seedless varieties of seedless Vitis vinifera, after testing, 80 mg/kg gibberellin before flowering + 100 mg/kg gibberellin + flowering before flowering Treatment of inflorescences with 120 mg/kg gibberellin increased fruit size by more than 1 fold. Therefore, the use of good fruit swelling agent can greatly improve the yield and quality of non-nuclear purple grapes.
3.4 Pest control The prevention and control of pests and diseases of non-nuclear purple grapes is mainly to control powdery mildew and downy mildew before mid-July. In order to prevent the resistance of bacteria, several agents should be used interchangeably. The prevention and control of pests is mainly crickets, commonly known as "felt disease", and can be controlled with omethoate or monotherapy.
In short, the prevention and control of diseases and pests should be based on the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and the harm of pests and diseases should be kept to a minimum.
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