The white bream (Opniocepnalusargus var Kimnra), also known as the white mullet, is commonly known as the white squid, and is attached to the genus Oystercatcher. The meat is tender and less stab. The white mullet is white in color, beautiful in appearance, resistant to hypoxia and delicious in taste. The white mullet can be used for probiotics, blood circulation, and nourishing treasures for mothers and children.
The muscle composition of white mullet: moisture 77.90, crude ash 1.10, crude protein 20.69, crude fat 0.76, compared with other freshwater expensive fish: the crude protein content is higher than that of bigmouth bass (14.85), and the crude fat is lower than bigmouth bass (3.22) , indicating that white mullet is a low-fat high-protein high-end luxury fish.
White Wuxi Biological Characteristics
The biological characteristics of White Umbellaria are approximately the same as those of mullet, except that the skin color is different: White Umbra is white and black mullet is black (thereby known as black fish).
Morphological characteristics
The white and black pheasant have a white body, a rod-shaped body, a flat head, a large scale on the head, fine scales on the tail, a dorsal ray 47, an anal fin 38, a lateral scale 63, a number of turns 13, a vertebra 55, and a body length of 7.8 Times ~ 8.2 times.
(1) Growth
White mullet survival temperature 0 °C ~ 39 °C. The optimal growth water temperature is 25°C to 28°C, and 12°C is basically not feeding. With auxiliary respiratory organs on the diaphragm, the suitable pH value is 6.0-9.0, hi cluster, good jump, easy to drill mud, the fastest weight gain in summer, the daily gain rate is 3%.
(2) Habits
In the mouth, the teeth are distributed on both sides of the palate and the front of the jaw. The carnivorous and fry stage kill each other and can feed on the feed. The pond cultured white mullet can reach sexual maturity in two years, and its gonad development cycle is from February to March. Most eggs are phase IV, March to April enter phase III, and May to July are phase V, ie spawning period. In August, it gradually returned to phase III. The broodstock of 30 cm to 35 cm in body length is about 15,000 eggs, 8 eggs per gram of fish, the relationship between body length and body weight is logW=3.032 log L-1.9433, individual fecundity Y (thousand-thick fish eggs The relationship between length and body length is Y=2.68532-79.08513.
Artificial propagation technology
Broodstock breeding
Choose a pond with a good water source. The size of the pond should be 60m2 to 100m2. The pond should be 1.5m high and the water level should be 1m. There should be anti-escape facilities. There should be water grass or water hyacinth in the pool, and shading and temperature adjustment. effect.
The white mullet, with its upper respiratory organs, has strong adaptability to the environment. The stocking density can be higher than that of ordinary fish. One to two broodstocks weighing 2 kg to 2.5 kg per square meter can be placed, and the male to female ratio is 1:1. .
The white mullet is a carnivorous fish. The feed of the broodstock is generally fed from small fish in the pool, and some low-quality fry are fed. It is also possible to feed terrestrial oysters, otters, loach, etc. The feed rate is generally 3 %~5%.
Prior to spawning, the spawning period often replaces the pool water to ensure that the pool water is fresh and normal development of the broodstock.
Induction and incubation
During the reproductive season, the abdomen of the female fish is swollen and elastic, and the reproductive hole is slightly reddish, and the male reproductive hole is invaginated. Generally used body color than white, healthy body, maturity can be better broodstock.
The oxytoctics are technetium, camphor pituitary (PG) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), PG 1 g per kilogram of body weight, HCG 1800-2000 international units, one or two injections, half male dose, male to female ratio 1: 1 or 2:1. The effect time is related to the temperature of the water. The water temperature is 26 hours to 36 hours at 22°C to 23°C, the effect time is 25 hours to 30 hours at 24°C to 25°C, and 18 hours to 22 hours at 26°C to 30°C. . It is generally best to control the eggs before dawn. The spawning of mullet requires a quiet environment. It is frightened when spawning and it will stop spawning. The fertilized eggs are placed in an incubator. The hatchery controls the volume of water exchange. The circulating water volume is 50 cubic meters per hour. The controlled water temperature is 22°C-27°C, and the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 4 mg/l or more, pH 7.0-8.0. Indoor hatching avoids the disadvantages of outdoor hatching: If the light shines, the eggs will float on the water surface, and the strong shot will cause the embryos to die. For predilection, other wild fish eat fish eggs, as long as the favorable conditions for hatching are guaranteed, the hatching rate can reach 90%. . Still water can be used for hatching.
Seed cultivation techniques
The newly hatched larvae are black in color, floating on the water or lying on the side of aquatic plants or suspended matter, clustered on the side of the pond and in the pool corner, and are not easily moved. The yolk sac accounts for about half of the body length. When the yolk sac gradually disappears and the fry can swim flat, it is transferred to an outdoor fry pool for cultivation.
Fry cultivation
The stocking rate is generally set at 200 to 400 fished per square meter. At this time the water in the pool should be fresh and there should be enough palatability water, otherwise fry will kill each other due to lack of food. At this stage, the upper respiratory organs of the fry are not yet well developed, and their breathing depends entirely on dissolved oxygen in the water. Therefore, the water quality should be maintained at this time. The survival rate of the fry is high and the growth is fast. The key lies in the sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water and abundant palatability feeds. . During the fry cultivation stage, the enemy should be removed, such as frogs and otters. After 12 days to 25 days of cultivation, the length of the fry can reach 5 cm to 8 cm. The body color gradually changes from black to dark. At this stage, fry assisted respiratory organs are well developed, their activities are strong, and their food intake is constantly increasing. As the fry grows and develops, and the individuals increase, the density in the pool increases. At this time, it should be sieved and graded into the fish pond for cultivation.
Fish breeding
Cultivating pool 25m2 to 60m2, water depth 0.5m to 0.8m, 5cm to 50m per square meter, 5cm long fry, feeding leeches, terrestrial scorpions, sand plover and low quality fish Water spray, such as grass carp. Feeding white mullet requires eating less, because the fish has greedy and overeating habits, such as feeding too much, can cause bulimia and death. The pool water should be changed frequently. Generally, one third of the water is discharged from the bottom for a week, and then the new water is injected from the inlet so that it has a comfortable living environment in order to grow normally. After 25 days to 30 days of cultivation, the fish size can reach 8 cm to 13 cm.
Use the following key technologies to increase the survival rate of seedlings:
1Improve water quality and keep the water in the pool fresh; 2Make reasonable density and choose suitable feed;
3 Regularly screen fry to keep the specifications relatively consistent.
Adult fish culture
White mullet has a good adaptability, and it can be either single-cultivated or self-cultivated.
Set up
The white mullet can recover the small wild fish in the pond, which can reduce the waste of food in the pool, reduce the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the pool, and increase fish production. Because the caliber is smaller than the big oystercatcher, it does not pose a threat to the commercial fish cultured. Therefore, farmers all over the country can accept this fish as a good breed for nesting.
Pond conditions
1 Breeding conditions: earthen ponds and stone pools can be cultured with water depths of 1.5 to 2.0 meters, and pool depths of 2.0 to 2.5 meters. The area suitable for production management is 1 to 1.5 acres, and pools should be convenient for drainage and drainage. Anti-escape facilities should be set up around the mouth and around. Before stocking, we must do a good job of clearing the ponds. Usually use quicklime to spray 100kg to 150kg of lime slurry per acre, so that there is no dead corner left after the spill, and the water can be taken in 1 week after disinfection, and the water can be stocked in about 10 days.
2 Breeding techniques: stocking specifications of more than 10 cm (3 inches to 5 inches), when stocking, control the specifications as much as possible, stocking with 3% to 5% of salt water soak for 10 minutes to 12 minutes and then under the pool.
Stocking densities range from 2 to 3 tails per square meter, ie about 1,500 to 2,000 tails per mu.
Feeding types of bait: First, fresh animal bait, such as small fish, small squid, head of fish, meal bar; Second, fresh fish meat and powder with food, mixed squid feed.
The feeding method adopts four timings: "timing, quantifying, quantifying, and positioning." The feeding amount is 6% to 10% of the fish's body weight, and gradually decreases to 6% as the fish's weight increases. Some will jump out of the water.
During the entire breeding period, it is necessary to insist on the inspection of the ponds. First, see whether the measures for preventing the escape are appropriate. Second, observe whether the activities of the fish are normal. Third, look at the changes in the water quality. Especially in the hot season, the water quality changes frequently, and it is prone to black hair stinking. At this time, it is necessary to exchange pool water, so that the three days a small change, change to 1/3 of the pool water, 10 days to 15 days a big change, change 2/3 of the pool water keeps the water fresh, and the water level in the winter and high temperature season is relatively high, making it relatively stable.
Under certain breeding conditions for white mullet, stocks of 16 cm to 20 cm in size are stocked. After 5 months of growth, the survival rate is over 80%, and the yield per mu can reach 500 kg or more.
The white mullet is the main growth period from July to October, especially in September. The average water temperature from July to September is in the range of 21.4°C to 30.8°C. At this stage, the time should be seized to strengthen cultivation. It gives the best growth effect.
The muscle composition of white mullet: moisture 77.90, crude ash 1.10, crude protein 20.69, crude fat 0.76, compared with other freshwater expensive fish: the crude protein content is higher than that of bigmouth bass (14.85), and the crude fat is lower than bigmouth bass (3.22) , indicating that white mullet is a low-fat high-protein high-end luxury fish.
White Wuxi Biological Characteristics
The biological characteristics of White Umbellaria are approximately the same as those of mullet, except that the skin color is different: White Umbra is white and black mullet is black (thereby known as black fish).
Morphological characteristics
The white and black pheasant have a white body, a rod-shaped body, a flat head, a large scale on the head, fine scales on the tail, a dorsal ray 47, an anal fin 38, a lateral scale 63, a number of turns 13, a vertebra 55, and a body length of 7.8 Times ~ 8.2 times.
(1) Growth
White mullet survival temperature 0 °C ~ 39 °C. The optimal growth water temperature is 25°C to 28°C, and 12°C is basically not feeding. With auxiliary respiratory organs on the diaphragm, the suitable pH value is 6.0-9.0, hi cluster, good jump, easy to drill mud, the fastest weight gain in summer, the daily gain rate is 3%.
(2) Habits
In the mouth, the teeth are distributed on both sides of the palate and the front of the jaw. The carnivorous and fry stage kill each other and can feed on the feed. The pond cultured white mullet can reach sexual maturity in two years, and its gonad development cycle is from February to March. Most eggs are phase IV, March to April enter phase III, and May to July are phase V, ie spawning period. In August, it gradually returned to phase III. The broodstock of 30 cm to 35 cm in body length is about 15,000 eggs, 8 eggs per gram of fish, the relationship between body length and body weight is logW=3.032 log L-1.9433, individual fecundity Y (thousand-thick fish eggs The relationship between length and body length is Y=2.68532-79.08513.
Artificial propagation technology
Broodstock breeding
Choose a pond with a good water source. The size of the pond should be 60m2 to 100m2. The pond should be 1.5m high and the water level should be 1m. There should be anti-escape facilities. There should be water grass or water hyacinth in the pool, and shading and temperature adjustment. effect.
The white mullet, with its upper respiratory organs, has strong adaptability to the environment. The stocking density can be higher than that of ordinary fish. One to two broodstocks weighing 2 kg to 2.5 kg per square meter can be placed, and the male to female ratio is 1:1. .
The white mullet is a carnivorous fish. The feed of the broodstock is generally fed from small fish in the pool, and some low-quality fry are fed. It is also possible to feed terrestrial oysters, otters, loach, etc. The feed rate is generally 3 %~5%.
Prior to spawning, the spawning period often replaces the pool water to ensure that the pool water is fresh and normal development of the broodstock.
Induction and incubation
During the reproductive season, the abdomen of the female fish is swollen and elastic, and the reproductive hole is slightly reddish, and the male reproductive hole is invaginated. Generally used body color than white, healthy body, maturity can be better broodstock.
The oxytoctics are technetium, camphor pituitary (PG) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), PG 1 g per kilogram of body weight, HCG 1800-2000 international units, one or two injections, half male dose, male to female ratio 1: 1 or 2:1. The effect time is related to the temperature of the water. The water temperature is 26 hours to 36 hours at 22°C to 23°C, the effect time is 25 hours to 30 hours at 24°C to 25°C, and 18 hours to 22 hours at 26°C to 30°C. . It is generally best to control the eggs before dawn. The spawning of mullet requires a quiet environment. It is frightened when spawning and it will stop spawning. The fertilized eggs are placed in an incubator. The hatchery controls the volume of water exchange. The circulating water volume is 50 cubic meters per hour. The controlled water temperature is 22°C-27°C, and the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 4 mg/l or more, pH 7.0-8.0. Indoor hatching avoids the disadvantages of outdoor hatching: If the light shines, the eggs will float on the water surface, and the strong shot will cause the embryos to die. For predilection, other wild fish eat fish eggs, as long as the favorable conditions for hatching are guaranteed, the hatching rate can reach 90%. . Still water can be used for hatching.
Seed cultivation techniques
The newly hatched larvae are black in color, floating on the water or lying on the side of aquatic plants or suspended matter, clustered on the side of the pond and in the pool corner, and are not easily moved. The yolk sac accounts for about half of the body length. When the yolk sac gradually disappears and the fry can swim flat, it is transferred to an outdoor fry pool for cultivation.
Fry cultivation
The stocking rate is generally set at 200 to 400 fished per square meter. At this time the water in the pool should be fresh and there should be enough palatability water, otherwise fry will kill each other due to lack of food. At this stage, the upper respiratory organs of the fry are not yet well developed, and their breathing depends entirely on dissolved oxygen in the water. Therefore, the water quality should be maintained at this time. The survival rate of the fry is high and the growth is fast. The key lies in the sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water and abundant palatability feeds. . During the fry cultivation stage, the enemy should be removed, such as frogs and otters. After 12 days to 25 days of cultivation, the length of the fry can reach 5 cm to 8 cm. The body color gradually changes from black to dark. At this stage, fry assisted respiratory organs are well developed, their activities are strong, and their food intake is constantly increasing. As the fry grows and develops, and the individuals increase, the density in the pool increases. At this time, it should be sieved and graded into the fish pond for cultivation.
Fish breeding
Cultivating pool 25m2 to 60m2, water depth 0.5m to 0.8m, 5cm to 50m per square meter, 5cm long fry, feeding leeches, terrestrial scorpions, sand plover and low quality fish Water spray, such as grass carp. Feeding white mullet requires eating less, because the fish has greedy and overeating habits, such as feeding too much, can cause bulimia and death. The pool water should be changed frequently. Generally, one third of the water is discharged from the bottom for a week, and then the new water is injected from the inlet so that it has a comfortable living environment in order to grow normally. After 25 days to 30 days of cultivation, the fish size can reach 8 cm to 13 cm.
Use the following key technologies to increase the survival rate of seedlings:
1Improve water quality and keep the water in the pool fresh; 2Make reasonable density and choose suitable feed;
3 Regularly screen fry to keep the specifications relatively consistent.
Adult fish culture
White mullet has a good adaptability, and it can be either single-cultivated or self-cultivated.
Set up
The white mullet can recover the small wild fish in the pond, which can reduce the waste of food in the pool, reduce the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the pool, and increase fish production. Because the caliber is smaller than the big oystercatcher, it does not pose a threat to the commercial fish cultured. Therefore, farmers all over the country can accept this fish as a good breed for nesting.
Pond conditions
1 Breeding conditions: earthen ponds and stone pools can be cultured with water depths of 1.5 to 2.0 meters, and pool depths of 2.0 to 2.5 meters. The area suitable for production management is 1 to 1.5 acres, and pools should be convenient for drainage and drainage. Anti-escape facilities should be set up around the mouth and around. Before stocking, we must do a good job of clearing the ponds. Usually use quicklime to spray 100kg to 150kg of lime slurry per acre, so that there is no dead corner left after the spill, and the water can be taken in 1 week after disinfection, and the water can be stocked in about 10 days.
2 Breeding techniques: stocking specifications of more than 10 cm (3 inches to 5 inches), when stocking, control the specifications as much as possible, stocking with 3% to 5% of salt water soak for 10 minutes to 12 minutes and then under the pool.
Stocking densities range from 2 to 3 tails per square meter, ie about 1,500 to 2,000 tails per mu.
Feeding types of bait: First, fresh animal bait, such as small fish, small squid, head of fish, meal bar; Second, fresh fish meat and powder with food, mixed squid feed.
The feeding method adopts four timings: "timing, quantifying, quantifying, and positioning." The feeding amount is 6% to 10% of the fish's body weight, and gradually decreases to 6% as the fish's weight increases. Some will jump out of the water.
During the entire breeding period, it is necessary to insist on the inspection of the ponds. First, see whether the measures for preventing the escape are appropriate. Second, observe whether the activities of the fish are normal. Third, look at the changes in the water quality. Especially in the hot season, the water quality changes frequently, and it is prone to black hair stinking. At this time, it is necessary to exchange pool water, so that the three days a small change, change to 1/3 of the pool water, 10 days to 15 days a big change, change 2/3 of the pool water keeps the water fresh, and the water level in the winter and high temperature season is relatively high, making it relatively stable.
Under certain breeding conditions for white mullet, stocks of 16 cm to 20 cm in size are stocked. After 5 months of growth, the survival rate is over 80%, and the yield per mu can reach 500 kg or more.
The white mullet is the main growth period from July to October, especially in September. The average water temperature from July to September is in the range of 21.4°C to 30.8°C. At this stage, the time should be seized to strengthen cultivation. It gives the best growth effect.
HEBEI PINGLE FLOUR MACHINERY GROUP CO., LTD , https://www.plrollermill.com